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ǰҪ
ۼ硪˹ء¶һǵİ˹Ǵ½һ֧ǡ崿֮Ůɵʿţ˳ơʿšܵǰʿѹĸӰ죬ʿŵļӲٰһμŲ飬һܣڶѰЩȫǰδŵĲݣĲԲȫãЩĿȫҡһ棬Ӳڲ᳡طĶݣԼڲ;ʶİš˹ͬӣԼĻͷöڲȡƣȻԶ쳣жʶǣȻɿӲпʹòݱɼӲ˱ǵȾʮԾ޷ֲ࣬ӲսǽɼӲµܶԲʹתƯսʤǵ˵ļӲľͬ飬ɹͨˡʿšŲ顣



ܣ
ӲҮɭɣŮǡΪʿʷϵڶųĻ˼ͻƸŲʱҲԳϵĹͬǡ
ݡŵū˹ڸ߼塤ū˹ϵһȵλʹδıԼ߰ĸԣԼΨҶŮʣֻԼͬ˸Ȥ
ٰ˹ӲŮӵзǳսΪܹ̼ӲԼԼ塣
ҮΨݵӡһжԶȵĶ塣ֻӶݵߴӵֵÿҫս
ˡʹõԴԶĸ񶷼ֻʹԶĶ֣̬ЩƮȻʲô˶
šڱȡ˹ӵеħ֪ʶ뼼ҲܸߵۡһŸʽװŮĸԺͿɰ෴ϵйԣһײġ
ŵȡ˹߶˹˹󹫹ͼ˹ŮݼӲ˵Ǹǿִˡ˫ŵȵ£ԼеޱϯšһμŲ顣
ܽϣšײŦʷƤŵ˹ʿŵĸųէ֮ʵȴ൱ܸɣΪʿŵĻͳߣӲ˵ʵԼδǱҲע⵽ġ



Ŀ¼CONTENTS

1¡ϰʿĿʼ
2¡С
3¡ɵءѽ
4¡ֲָժ
5¡ϲǵط




һֱһ
ԴӶµʱһֱһ
ΪҲԶһ
Ȼ֮ľȻңԶ
ѡ·ˣ
ˣ
ʧɢˣ
ǲӦͬ·ͬδͬĵطǰ
˽ӽȴңԶˡ
вҵ
Ը
ôľ޷ܡ
ôԶľ޷
ԣǽĹϵɡ
ҪĹϵ
ʲôʱ
ԣ˱ʱ
ֿʱ
Զر롣
ȷʵطֿ
ʱ֮жپأ
ǰһӽ
ÿԸܵ˴˵ĺ
ֻǱǰδеңԶأ
Զ޷⡣
𰸳֡
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ѾҪˡ



Լ·ǿ˹Ψһĳ
ĳǱǽƵĶУγһǰңԼ·Ǹ⡣
ͳԼǡػŮʥŮʿšͨơʿšټһ˵ɡ֮á
λڱֵ뱴˹ֵм̵Լ·ԹΪڽͨҪ൱١
ǶеԴӰʿֱ֮նһֱܵʿŵıӻ
Լ·һ൱ٵó֮ټܱߵɽЩЭʿŲҪص㡣
˵ĹģϱԼһ￨Լа￨ܶߴʯשǽΧƣǽĽҲŸʵĲt
ǽϷܿһ˲еͨ·ͨ·ʯĺʵǽΧס
ǽԵԼ֮·ظߵİ͹״ԵأԵάŰ·صĸ߶ȣԵķǽ֮ԱȽϸߣΪ˱ͨ·ϵеĹҪΪ͹ĲǷԹˡ
Ϊ˷ħǽҲдſħĵķ䣬⣬ʿŵʿУҲкüˮƽħʿ
һ˵ԼֻʮʿŵԱ𾯱״ΣʱʿԱ뱴˹󹫹Ԯһפ
ھ״Σʱϣŵ뾭·ǶϯҮĴؽơ
Գ㳡һػŮݡۺΰ׳İݴʥá
ʥõ۾ҪӵԲι㳡Ƶأ˽һֻչģλǰֱָʵļӦþǾͷ
չۿǶȵĲͬҲһֻӵгӵľʸؽС
ĲûǽֻԴʯƵĴ׳Բ֧Ŵʯ컨塣
벿ǼػŮݵĴ
ƽĻǰлݱӵľԼԶˣطַǷ⼸ȴ൱徲Ҳѹ֣ΪĿǰʿŵʱҰս˾
ھΪλܼڴʥôʿŸɲǡ
ʿųӲҮɭɡ
֮ǰʮӦ˵ǰδŵͽųļӲͷ΢Ľ𷢴䴿¿˶ƺ̫ɿ
ǲԱƭεԱǶ֪պ෴һС
ųܽϣѼӲΪŲƤĴҰǡʿĿϵͷʾͬҲкܶ˲˽һֻҰҪϲƤ
ҪܵλųܽϣšײŦʷƤŵ˹
Ȼ俴Ƕʮ꣬û˻ʵ䣬Ӧ˵ᵽˣ˵ȫǺԶСפˣʵǴҶµò
ֱ޵ܽϣţǶ̵ӡ󣬶Ӳͬһȫͬ
仰˵ǸܸɵΣ
ܽϣž۾ΪãǱΪԶ۾ħߣӵħʿֵܽϣ൱õĶҲ˵һӵҹװõԶ
ڼӲŵʱѾڵθųְλˣҴӵʱʿ⣬ȡˡħŮĴºš
Լ·ϰšܽϣŲʿͳߡĴţҲ޵ķʸ
ΪΪųļӲҲܽϣǡĻų
λӳ
ʿĿǰֳɵһӵӣλӳЩжӡ
һӲӳǿϣŵ롤ŵ˹
ߴ̵ͷٸ˵ĸо൱ԵĿϣᱻΪǿ׳꣬⣬ҲԱǳݵĶ󡣼ʹֻҪʿŵףǿǸʵŮԡ
óǹ˵õֻ賤Լһ·صľǹһ͵θɲҲǲӳǵϯ쵼ߡ
ڶӲӳǰ˹ġ˹
Լӽ൱עĿİϵı鼸ı䣬ͬҲ˳ƺΪ֮
ý֣ϲʹýȽϸĽ˵ǡϲͻ̣ΪÿЧʣϸҲȽʺͻ̡
ݴţ֮ǰĳսһѽɱ˶ʮϣȾʱȴһЦ˵ɣһ㶼ûбۡͻ̻ǱÿЧʰɣһߵͬǿǰմѪĽ
ԣЧʡƺǴһѽɱٵˡ
Ӳӳŵ˿˹߶˹
ǸӲһŵͬԱһʮꡣô͵ϲӳ˵ʮ⣬ڼӲΪųڣѾ˰µˡ
ŵ˿ӵһͷɫ̷Լһ˫ϻ۵۾óչ˺ǳܵ½Աǵİ
ڸǱ˹󹫹Ľڱ˹󹫹ľܳԵÿҲ⽻浣ҪĽɫ
ĶӲӳŷŵ˹
ŷŵӵһͷ޻ǰƮƮĽ𷢣ϵı޷׽᳣šǡ֮˵ʱҲֻڽĻһϸ
ڲлֻǱץģҲӲһǸԱƭˡ
汾ӵСȻʿϡвܣҪԴսУ϶ᷢļֵ
Ӳӳӡء
ڼһͷĺڷڵ˫ıֱڷʡ
ŵòԼصľֹ˳ĸоֻжʮѡ
ΪóǣͬǳΪ֮ءηŵġӺϡʹõҲڰ˹Ǵ½൱״ĵн
ԼΪǡ
֮⣬ֶӵķֶӳ
ֶӵǼ
켱ȷֶӵȡ۶˹³
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ŵ˿һӲͬŵԱ
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һͷ̷ԼΧͻŷŵ˵ǡϴ°塱ʹ΢΢ɢϢǳܵʿѧǵϲ
Լʮһλ˵Ůȫɢһ켱ȷֶӦеĳ侲С
ŨܵĻɫͷϴһгñӡָӷֶԱִԱţ˵ֻҪӰͻʹԱҲ˳ƺǡŮ񡱡
ͼ硣
ССԲ۾ӵһͷɫͷʿ൱ķ͡ȣ΢˵㡣
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ʵǰڻݣΪʿǸļܶԲŻ˶㣬ϣһ㡣
û˻鿪ЦΪҪ˸ôĻǸ˵Ļʳͻ𽥼٣ֱùĵز
ųܽϣǡʿͳߡǸ𲹸ͼͿԳΪĻͳߡɡ
ʮǸʿŵ߸ɲǡ
ڻ飬˶ȡ˸гƵͷǻǴɰװȻ׵µ·ɫƾ˶ˣ˼Ǵɫޡľ˿£ֻӴǺɫ۵Ŀȹ
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ܽϣŻֳŷŵ֮⣬ÿ˵϶¶ŵ顣
ĿǰΪֹоܽԷӦҲû̫ԣʱ䣬붬֮ɽϻѩҪǻѩĻɲϵѣҾǽغͻչơ
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ţ˵ҲǡϾǵ˵ǡҪڰʿŵŰ֮£Ϳ̿Լ·񡯣ǹĻ϶ɷЧ
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Ȼûйһ˵ٿʹҴս֮⣬ͬʱҲЭʿŵǡԼ·־ĸѹͳߡ
ˣ޴ΪֻԽԼսɶȡͶԷԣҲǱƲѲôİɡǵĸǲõĶԷṥ֮ôһ¡
ܽϣ˫һ̯ʼ磬Ȼˡ
Ƶ޿κεĲֻǣҲһ
ϣԵͳ˵
ţû˵Ҳǣ֮ǵֲԱҪȫʵںֶ࣬ӶҪýսˡ
ͼͷ
ͨ˵רŸ𲹸Լ鹤ֶӲսʿΪĳ¼Ա٣Ŀǰ˵ǱƵ޿κε״ˡ
ܹ֮õԱԲԶͱıѾפءȻǿϻʱȥģ飬˵ҲǺ¡
ܽϣŲŸ˵꣬ͼ֡
ͼ磿
ôһſյıݾͻᱻԷռɣûϵ𣿡
Ҫǵ˷ɢȥռ첢άֱݵȨߵȻſ˫ֻӭĳЩԣǾڴŻѱݷſգΪзʵսż٣οʳзѾȫˣõĻᱻߡ
ô˵ûͻᱻռݰɣ
û취ģ㱤ûбռ죬ֻҪǵפأ͵ǵˡȻȷʹģڲܶǿʲôϾһս˵ҪʳӦûɣͼ磿
ǵģֻҪȷ˹ֵͨսʱʵĲû⡣Ŀǰ󹫹ԮҲЭʡ
ҵȫˡ
ܽϣһ֡
Ԯָӹ
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ҪǱ֪ǰѱſաӦûɣ
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ţһðɡӦ˵Żֱӳʥ
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ôˣ
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ȻӲԽԽڣȻѾˣٶ˵ʲôҲûãǷʲôĴʹɲ齫ΣԼţȻ޷ȥųְλ
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Ӳ̾
ҲֻˣĿǰΪֹҲ͹ܶ顣
ǰڡ
ӲԺиֳ֮Щ粨

һ ϰʿĿʼ

1

½£Լ·ҲºصñӣĴš
ΧɽĻѩڻԼ·򿴵õѩֻʣɽ˵ĲѩˣۿȥƬɫڽɽȺѿʼ
˹ҲʽӭӴĵ
֮󣬼ӲʱصԼļңֱµڶѮĵһ죬ٶԼ·򼯺ϡ˵صϰǽÿ·ֳѮʾڣ˵ڶѮĵһ죬ʵµʮһš
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ԱǸԽɢصԼĸλϣӲʱԭأһܽϣԼŷŵǰʿŵǹŶԼ³Ҫ

2

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ŷŵĴ£խֶ͵ʯ档
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ܽϣתӣž֡
ã߰ɡ
λ
ŷŵ·۹⵼Ƶسʮ˸߾ֲһӶ
Ӳ˳ڳԼԱѧͷ󣬸ŷŵǰ

3

Ӳ˱ǡ
һ̵ʯƽûκζװ꣬¶ʯԼʯ컨һֱĸо
ΪڽԽڲûдǵĽķԭûٴеĴҲСǿǵ˽״ƵģȽϴĴװҪǴӼ̵⿴ͻԼķˣԱ֮൱ܻӭ
ûдȻ൱谵Ҫǰǽ̨ϵŪϨһֲָ
ŵͨʯذ壬µĥʮ˵ĽŲھ׵ĽԵø
ӦûɣеļӲ΢΢
ǰŷŵȻͣ½Ų
ôλɡ
ָŲϵһڣָʾ߽䡣
󷿼ͷŷľԼСӣǰһܴľ壬ȵӲܽϣվľǰ档
俿ȵǽŹεСǰ˵ȲûвɹõĴ˷ͷ൱
ŷŵ׼üС͵ƣ͵ƷϣӲڱ١
֬ζ䡣
͵ưںúŷŵľһŴ̶ֽʱһֱȴŵܽϣͻȻڣ
ǽҡ
Ӳæ̧ͷܽϣš
Ͽεݣսҽƻѧ֮Ǹʽ֪ʶʦԱΣʱҲⲿƸ롣νʦԱʿŵĸֻ֪ʶ
ܽϣŷŵʾ⣬漴ʼʼǱþ߷ַԱ
֮ϿεصݾñʼǱ
ܽϣô˵æѱʼǱϣҽëմīˮ
ȴʿŵ֯ʼѾ֪ˡ
ܽϣתͷԼӲˣʼľϵֽд֡
Ǹܹ֮һǧһٶӢԼֶš
ܽϣһ˵һֽд¡
ʮΪһС
ʮС=һΪһж
жӼΪνġӡ
ӹеһ߶
ܽϣͣʣת
СжλΪСӡСӹ̶ʮɣʮƽʱսʱĬϵжλСǻϲӣҲɽʿ֡ħʿɵģʿŵսͷϲдɽʿֻħʿɵĵһӡ
дڰϵ֣ܽϣ˵ĻӲ˶ŬǵԴﲢдڱʼǱϡ
ôݣΪʲôҪûϲӵʽأ
ȻĶݲЩԾ
Ϊ
˲佫ƵУϾ˴𰸡
ôһԸ״ѸԼеԵĴá
ȷ𰸡
ܽϣŻˡ
ȷ˵ֻԽʿɵСӣ潻ĳȷʵǿħʿŵϮͺѲȡЧķֶΡ˶ſħףǿӦԣ״½н뽻սʱսͻȴͨòֻнʿĶѷԶʹԶ빥Ķ֣˵ҪԿħʿ뽣ʿĻϲˡ
ʮ˶ͷרע
ҪǴħܸߵף˵׵ĻǿӦɺѻطο׺ܹҪܶķáȻǰʿа׼ãǴװͺ࣬𣿡
һ̧ͷ
ڡᣬ˵Ϊʲô£
ܽϣһЦ
֪Ϊξ㡣
⡭ʲô˼
ӲļܽϣٶȻˡ
һ棬ֻħʿɵĲȻẦħڽսʱ̫ˡͬһͷɲͬıɣڲͬ״֮¶ȽϷ㡣
ܽϣٶתľ塣
ʱûνġҩҲûнֻǹڻսʹħʿֶλⲫսҲǱ˴ȭŻԴ
ôܰʿŵĲӹԼָӹ٣λټסǵ֡
ܽϣٶľϵֽʼ顣
һӲӳҲжӳͬšŵ˹ϣŷ
ڶӲӳޱ槡΢˹Ŧ=ϯӳ
Ӳӳ˿
ĶӲӳϣŵ롤ŵ˹
Ӳӳ˹
Ӳӳ˹ġ˹
߶Ӳӳ˿άǡ
ֶӷֶӳŵ
ȷֶӷֶӳȡ۶˹³
ֶӷֶӳͼ硤
ųӳšάǡ˹
Ѳ߶Ӿʿܽϣż
֮ʿЩӡ
ܽϣͣдֵת
ӵıŲ˳򣬸λÿӵƽȵġÿӳˡϯ֮⣬ֻᵽȵʱŻб˳򡣡
ӲæµضëʣľϵĶӳ
жӣҲǲӵĳԱ̶ΪһˣԱϲӸɲһ˳ͷˣΪЩȱˣԲÿӶһˡ⡭
ܽϣŽת棬һ߿ԱǣһָдֶֽµĲݡ
ЩֶӵĹЩرֶӣֶӵҪ飬ҲǱзӪƻÿСԱܹʮСӡ
ľϵʮѧרļܽϣ˵ݡ
ǼȷֶӣǵĹӦþͲ˵ˡÿСԱܹʮСӡ
ܽϣ˵ͣһ£ȴҰѸղŽĳꡣ
ȵ̧ͷܽϣŲż˵ȥ
رľֶӡֶҪֳɸ𲹸ԼݡСɣϼа˸СӣСɰɣϼĸСӡֶֻӳ˷ֶӳ֮⣬»вγԼγͨΪ񳤡ųӹ̶ʮˣһʮΪһСӡǾѲ߶ӣҲʮԱɣһӺϼʮСӣάʿ붼еСӳפԼ·Сפǡ
˵ͷ
֧Ѳ߶ҵξʿ仰˵Ƕӳ˳һᣬվǱߵŷŵǸӳ
ʮ϶¶ףı飬ܽϣ̲סЦ˳
ǾλѲ߶ӵĸӳܲɿ𣿡
æҡҡͷԵأǾôΪ
ǲ÷ҲûϵϾҲôá
ŷŵعա
ˣһȻʿ뿪Ǳ۶ﶼϱม
ôһ˵ŷŵϾ͸ıˡȷԱΥ涨ߵĻ϶ʺϵѰ
ܽϣЦһ۾Ȼڳʮˡ
УȰѻ˵פϣҲֹҹΣפıݣҲԴ˻صݡǸôĻͻ̱˰ɣݣ

۾顣
ѡ˴Сôܻ飡
Үÿµıܽϣš
ۣҮ£
ܽϣŰ뿪ЦæҮ
׼
ˡʧ񡣡
ֻݵǸȴԸҵǸ
ǸǷǳǸ
ݴΪͷָԭƵܽϣ΢΢ʼ硣
Ҹǲ⣬ʿͷǻ飬ӽԺҮҲʿԱ֮һִԼǶӵɺܶţһġ
Үվߴɾʮȡ
ʵںܱǸһġ
ܺã°ɡ
Үºܽϣٶı黷ˡ
ҿɲֻԶô˵ȥƵİΪԷһҲŻر̸λҪǴԽȻᱻʿ𣬶֮˵ǼˣҲᱻýֹšֻˣ㲻û⵽ŮǴ˰ɣǧˣ
˵ͷѵģܽϣ¶Цݡ
ǣӦòҪ̫ġ
ʲô˼
¶ı顣
СֻҪصҪ׷СԿſڴųأ
⻹˲𣬲Щ׷ҲȥĻɣ
ųȫЩɣ
ûвŰ
ܾáòġ
ӵԼĶݣܽϣŻŸˡ
Ҫ׷ݣ˹Ȼ̫İɣ
ȻӲЩĿǰûܷû׷󡱵ʵ
룬ղŽˣ
ܽϣתͷľϵֽ
ˣʿŵĲ֯
תܽϣźȻָż

ף
ȵ̧ͷ
롢ʲô𣿡
߸ӡֶӡ뾯Ѳ߶ӣϱƵĳԱϼжˣ
ף
ľһӺ˵
һǧˣ
Ӳݶͬż
ܽϣų΢΢һЦ
̫ˣ
ŵ΢΢Ц⡣
˵𣿡
ܽϣάŲõЦݣ档
ˡ

ɣ
รߡһٹ߰ˣֶߡʮʮˣȷֶʮʮˣֶ˵ʮ˼ϰˡĵʮˣԲӼϷֶӺϼоŰٶʮˡӵʮԼѲ߶ӵʮˣϼӦһǧʮ˰ɣ
ף
ϣͷƴ˫ֵָ㡣
ˡ
ͷɥļ̧ͷԱԹı鿴ܽϣš
Ȼˣ벻Ҫá̫ˡǲ
˵Ĳࡡ
ףȻʲô˼
ŵĵม
ıȻᣬԵأܽϣԽЦԽġ
Ȼô򵥵ĳ˷ӷϸĻӦǷǳͰɣҲŻ˵ûое̫ˡֻ𣿡
ſϣٶȰĵ
ǳ˵ġ
ݡŵ˿Լŵȵ½öѹЦţӲûиųЦ
ô˵ӦҲ˰ɣ
Ӳ֣Ҳǲó㣬ȷʵϲС
Ƚϲ񡰵з뼺սȽϡһսսʷʱֵ֣ԼӼ˳ķʽרעûа취̫ãЩԼļӲԣҪʧȥרעͺ׳ʧ
ҪǽеĻҲΣա
ӲԼؿڡ
ܽϣС㡣
ŵ˿Ȼ֡
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ܽϣϸЦݣһŵ˿ϰ΢΢
Ǹ
أ֪𣿡
ţСҲ֪
ݵĻش𣬰뼧ŵ˵ͷ
ԭˣǾ͸ǰɣԤҪա

Ŵȷϣ
գ
ûա˸ųµĸɲԳԣʵǽʵʩĲͷڴĿ޷ԵĲ̫ϧˣݡ
ֵſϡ
СҲ˵ġ
Үı鿴ŰĵĶݡ
ԭˣٰҮ˵ֲʲôӦû³ĶݶԣһѵĿ顣
ŵ˿ŵȵ½¶ߵЦݱ˴ӣƺҲóķΧ
ι˵ǡ
ܽϣԼ̵Цݿˡ
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ĲݸоĺܲһȻܽϣСƵ𣿡
ܽϣ΢΢һЦȻȻϰǰ㡣
Ȼʲô˼
û壡
ԼʧԵļӲæҡͷ
ԾĹˡ
һ㶼û
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˼ǣּˡʿŲݣֵֻ˲ó𣿡
ǿҪ޳ļӲҡͷ
ǡǣҴûô
ܽϣŽַڼӲļϡ
Ӳ˵ʵɣҲġ
ӲֹͣҡͷȻ΢ƵԱߣӰ˵
Ǹֻһѡ
ܽϣЦ˳Էǳĵ˵ţ
ʵǺ£ӲڴϹôʵֻɨһѮ

ܽϣŲסļӲϰֱ֮ͦ󣬺Ȼתٰ
ˣٰ򡣡
Уʲô𣿡
׼
Ǹ
ǼӲĹ֪ɣ
֪֪ˡ
ٰҲֻ˻ش
ܽϣļӲͷ
ͰɣӲҺڴı֡
ۿļӲ¶Щĵıܽϣš
˵𡭡
ҵȻûӲλ֮ϵʱʹڸ˻ѹ飬ǱҪġӦô˵ֻΪһʱŭʹˣûվڱͷʸ񡣡
ӲֱͦǰӦ
һĵġ
Ժӡ
ܽϣӲĻŷŵ¶Ц
ܽϣС㿴ÿġ
ŷŵԣһοܽϣôչŵ
Ա߹۲ӲͻȻ̲סҪ׽ŪͣŮ˲
ŷŵΪжš
ˣԹ
ܽϣŻصľǰ
ӳԼֶӳΪҽܡĿǰΪֹʲô𣿡
ܽϣؿʮ˵Ҷ΢΢ҡͷӲҲѹظҡͷ
ôҪΪλʿŵ֯ͼϣλܹ˽Ŀǰϵġ
ܽϣ˵ŷŵľϻֽš
ܽϣڵɫֽԱȽϴ֯ͼ
Żõ֯ͼӲ൱⣬ܽϣֻͳֶӡȷֶӡֶӼѲ߶ӣʵս߸ûһͳ졣
ûʲô⣿
ܽϣ˵ˣ漴Ӳ֡
Ӳ
ǵģʡ
Сıɨ
˵껰ܽϣעӼӲ΢Ц
һСĵģ
ţ̬Ⱥܺáʲô⣿
ܽϣСûʵս𣿡
ƺͬʣŵ˿ҲͷŸų
ʵҲġ
ܽϣתˣֽŵĿհ״д˼֡

״ʱʱ=ж
ɵĲʱսݱ䶯
ӳųǸų
ֶʱҲ

仰˵
ܽϣٶתӲˡ
ڽ״ʱ򣬻ʱԱ˹ģĲӣʱųҸָӣӾǸһӡ
ԭˣô˵Ҳԡ
ֻפڱͷ˵˵ĹӣжӡҲһĲӱƽս⣬Ȼĳڿ˹ءдģҰսжΪλȡж϶ȫ޷ͳһ״
ҪüȶսʽЧȷʵﵽʿŵÿ䣬ͱҪдӵĴڡ𣿡
ͷ
ˣȻѾ˵ˣλӦûḡֳһʰɡԣһҪֲſԡ
ܽϣŵˣ۾󷽴߱ƽ˶һʼƴ˼

ļ
֡£
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Ǹʲֶӻʳ᲻һ𣿡
ܽϣŵüͷ΢΢һ
Ҹղ˵ûйϵɣ
ء
Ӧô˵ڿʼ׼飡
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ͷɥ
ŵ˿
ǵģš
ŵȵ£
Ӧǡ

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ޱϯţ
ǡǸ
ܽϣ̾˿Ͷһ
ţ
С֪
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Ү
ǳǸ
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Բ𡭡
ݣ
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˶ݡӲԼҮ֮߸˲¶ûڵϥǻǻƣҮıûб仯ԭӦԺ˵ְɡ
ȷ𰸡
ݵͦšǳԽеı˵š鶼֪
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ﲻ
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ǻܻӭġ
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ôˣֶӣ
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Ȼ˵ᡯǱȴܿࡡ
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ܽϣԶĽͣ˿ʼŬ˼
ôӲ
ǸսݸıӣҲλӵĴڡ𣿡
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ţǣ
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ܽϣ¶ı飬ҲעӼ
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ม
ܽϣ۾
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˵ˣԭˣݡô˵ǰӺҲôݹ
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𲻾ڶЦܽϣҲѵ¶Цݡ
ԭˣѹܽϣСῴʮˡ
ŷŵڸж֮Ҳͬʱˡ
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ŷŵĿܽϣţܽϣѾЦݣһָΪı顣
ԭˣݡͦģǸɲЩԱΪɫǽݡƺҲ֮ȱ˵Щ缧ղ˵ǵһ߹ͨ˵һռܱߵ鱨Ҳ˵ظأΪҲǰʿŵԱû취飬ЩԱԹԼһңҷֱǲأǵĿһԱ֪ǵŬǲܽȷжϣԸȡȷӦʩǵĹĺܴ󡣡
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Ӣ³İʿԭ̨Ҳʵ鱨֪µʮ൱жһǧҵı԰ҵͳһʿš
ȻҸղ˵ȫ߻ܣ˳ʿţҲϣǲҪйܣ԰ɣ
ͷ
ˣôһлش𵽼Ӳ𣿡
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Уǳлл˵
šŵ˿ŵȵ½ãıӼӲ
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ôǸŵˣݡ
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ô塮״ɡ
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ʱ򣬽ںȻһ
Һѧϰ
һķȥװİʿų¶Цݣվ
λӦþǸղᵽųӣһŰװԱֱƴ
ųˣ
˶ȵ
λûϵ
ųƺҪֹؾֻ֣򵥵һϾɢ޷ĸʣڴĶݶó
ܽϣ֡
õĸλðɡ
˴ŽŵıصλϣλľԱߵŷŵҲ
պãȻųԹˣΪλʽܡų
ܽϣŵ£ų߽һ˲䣬ӲͻȻӵĴ
þˣڸйȻֻͬҪλųڳͻΧ
ܵų˹Ȼһ
˶ͬĸ룬עĿųľͶ㡣
ųͷϵİʽͷ¶Ľ漴һĻʱӲѾԼͷǡ𷢡ˣųĽ𷢾˵˳
λǸʿŵųѶҶŵ˹Ȳˡ
Ѷ΢΢һЦдżǿůЩ࣬ЦŲ˼ںʯħƵرȫӲ
˵УѶػŮʹԣػŮˡ
ܽϣţҡˡһﲻԾء
Ѷ˵¶ŵЦݣܽϣЩĿؿ
ô˵ų
ѽܽϣ䵭
Ѷ΢΢ܽϣţųʵ̫˰ʹӲ̲סҪܵܽϣŵǰݺݸһȭ

ӲסƴѹסԼĳ嶯
ųҪô˵ԱǰҪϡ
õĺõģ֪ˡָʾɣܽϣš
Ѷܿŵʼ磬ĶҲسȡ
ܽϣһȻѶ˵
ôųȻѵóչ˵仰ɡ
ѽҪ𣿡
ǵģ鷳ˡ
ܽϣ˵ľԱߺѶȡվ˵棬Ӳ˵۾ڴų´ʡ
ӭλʿš
ξ͸ȴǿˡ
Ӳɵĸ
Ҷؽ˰
ôҲûϵ
˵껰Ѷ΢΢һЦ
ôľ롢Ҵ濴ȥĻųЦĳ˵ԣӦݳɹƻȽȷЦݾ˵°ġ
ü˵ֱԱ͵۾Ѷ
ʹʿҲһʿȻǿͳʽҪȥţǼ⡣λ飬ȻĳԼĸλ
֮䷢˼ССĴϢ
ʲôĵط벻ÿʱһܽϣšΪڼϰڼ䣬λӽ쿪ʼѾǰʿˣѾͬ飬ʹб˳¹ϵҲһͬ飬ҪЯֺ˴д裬ʿűԽԽǿ󡣡
֪˭ʼƣعļӲԼҲڸ֡
Ѷ̨ʱ¶ĺЦݳһֲͬ
Ҿ˵֮鷳ˣܽϣš
ǵģų
ֱӽ𣿡
Աǰ
Һѹ
ų
ܽϣ¶Ц
ôλټ
ų˻뿪ҡ
ڴԱҲѶȥʱӲ˲ŲվԱǵϢڸо˵زΪ֪
Ǿͭһ൱ĵطӲô
ܽϣٶվľǰ
ǵųô
ô˵оĲܶࡣ
ǶݵĻش
ԭΪһλҸηˡ
ĺ⡫
Ҳͬ
˫ַǰ۾ŵȵ˵
ΪҵĽ㡣
ιŵ̫ûòˣųˡ
ǡ
ŵȵ¿ŵ˿һۡ
һ³СڵĽ㣬ҸҪ˵ҵĽ㡣
ʲô˼ڹڿ𣿡
Ȼ
һ
ʹŵ˿ţŵȵҲΪؼʡ
ѽѵ㲻ôΪ𣿡
ô˵ҵȷҲҪ顭
㿴˵ûɣ
Ҳǣȷˡ
˽̸ʱܽϣŲǻ⡣
λųม
̧ͷܽϣš
仰˵һλñҪϧΪˡҲֻôô˲ſվ֮ϣ֯Ķ㡣
ܽϣŵⷬûиܹ飬óڿϷ޵û뵽¶ѵõһ棬ʹüӲ൱ȡ
ܽϣŵļӲһۣӲæƿߡ
ģѾɶѧϰãӵʵ൱󡣡
ܽϣ˵ͣļ˵
ҲŻڴӲϾλ򰬰Ů
ܽϣŲʶ򰬰ѧǵĿڰ򰬰µĹ봫˵ȻһЩϵľ޴ʧܾʹʧܵʱѧǵ۾Ų֪˵㽡ǿҫ飬ҳ˼飬ܽϣ޷
֪ʱ򰬰ܽϣŵгΪż񣬵֪򰬰ŮҲμŲʱķǳػ衣
ŮҲǼӲȷǸܽϣԤڵġȤŮȷһԼӲڴ͸ˡ
սʿŵ࣬ҪȻ;зĴšʲôڼ䣬ӲӦûΪܽϣŴȤ
ܹڴĲֻǼӲŵȻǳ㣬⼸޽еġ
ѭŴԣܽϣŴҪúöǳɳ
ݾ֡
𣬶ݣ
ӸղſܽϣСѶСĽƺܺã
ܽϣЩȵػؿݡ
ţҲȻġ
ܽϣŽϷ¶ڻʱŻеı顣
ΪųǴСһ𳤴顣ΪҲŻ˵ҵҫ
ףӲĿࡣ
ȻñԺܽϣŵĸԡ
Ļ
ӲղŽѶò
ȷҸǴСһ𳤴飬ҲԺ
ܽϣŽȻһЦ
ųҲֻǴСһ𳤴ѣҲһʿŵģ仰˵ͬڵԱ
ףλͬڵԱ
û˵ݣΪʲôôȣ
С㲢ûرȡ
΢ߴԱߵļ̽ϰдš¾ȡ⼸֡
Ҳ˵ܽϣС͸ųһ𣡣
ܽϣſ˼һۣЩش
ųҴһꡣ
ף
ʮ˷ֱŴ۾ԭ¶΢Цܽϣűȫᣬϸһ̫ѨѾѪˣܽϣάı黺ˡ
ղŵġףʲô˼أ
ÿ¡
˸Եͷתͷȥ컨壬֮ƴԼܽϣԡ
Ӳ㡭
ܽϣŷڰè൱¡
Ըҡףʲô˼𣿡
⡢ʵȫûκκġ
˵ʵɣӲ
ղΪ˵ʵɨһѮĲӲô˵ʱҲ˵ʵ
ģΪֱֳĳ̬ȷ˵ĻģղǾ仰ȫûκκ⡣
ǿԼ˵ڼӲǿܽϣתĿꡣ
ݣ
롢ָʲôأСȫû˵ף仰ม
ǴŮĿüԾؾװ֪ı鹫Ȼ˵ѡ
ţ
ž֣оػش
СС֪
Щһ
仰ܽϣһֻҪѰǰƶߣϾҵܽϣ֡
һҰɣ
ʲʲô飿
˵ųҴһʱһԭ򰡣
ڡ¸ղһ𣿡
аһࡡоһʮľȶֳˡ
ܽϣŵ۾żţû취ߣֻܲ亹ƴ˼ҪôĿǰĽ֡
ˣֻҪһܽϣСˡ
Ϊżҵļһǳ뷨
ΪܽϣСôᣬ²Żһ
ร
ûвܽϣŵɢĹâ
ΪҺһ
ף
ŵȵ²ɳӣԼĽ˵
ԾĹˡ
ţһڵúģҪˡ
ŵ˿ͷҰĵش˿
ڼΪߵڼ䣬ѻʱյˡ
ԤϣܽϣѾΪŪèˡ
Ҳ˵ԭΪҵʵܴ󆪣ţɣ
Ҳ֪ԼһΣˣ¶ȵܣȻû˸ԡ
Ҳ̫ˡ
ԿҪ޳ıٶתͷǰңֻмӲҸԿ
ǼӲ̫ΰˣ
ڴԳΪԼľϾӲվ˿۲ҿ˵ĺüƻ
ӲͶ԰еߣ漴¶ЦݣֶԼɡơ

ڼŴͿżӲʱܽϣ˹


ɵȫ
ܽϣͷżо
㣬һȥӲɡ

𣿾Ǹһȥɨ޵Ļ롭ˡ
ʲô
ʹ˳£ˤʯذϲĺҲײϡ
ʹ
ͷʵض컨壬һǿӲ¶ǳ˵ı飬ɡơ

4

õġλ뱣ྲ
ŷŵֳҲ¸úܽϣŵĿγٶȿʼˡ
ڸλ֮г̡
ܽϣſֱߵļ˵
쿪ʼŷŵǲιʿšԱֻפǣԼݶУԹǹһȦӦþҪϺü죬ӳĻŷŵλܣȵȫι۹һ֮ٻϣʱлϹҹҪ̫ɶĻ͹ԹԵŴɨɡ
ƵƵͷ
ӲԼѾɨˣܽϣⷬԲֻвѡ
ԼӲˣÿ϶Ҫɨһβص㲻ޣǡݻ϶ԣɨ֮ԼȥŷŵĲ¼飬ɨɾҪ
ǡ
ӲԻֵ̬̿Ȼش𣬴ʱ֪ΪսżӲһֵʳָ
°ѸĲɨ꣬¾ͻȥӲɨ
Ӳ
̫ˡ
˵ʲô˭ȽϹݰӲѵֻҪԼþͿĿˣ
ġУҪǿʶ
˵Ҫɨô
ԲȤıѯʼ
Ǹǡ
㽲ֻʱ򣬸ûɣ
ûû£
̲ס󺰡
ˣ¾ȥӲɨĵطٰŪɣ
ᣬ࣡
¶ıˡ
СҰ֮ûϴְɣ
ף
¶ı鿴Űš
Żϴ𣿡
̫ˡ
ݡŵ˿Լŵȵ½õæԼΰߣ־롣
ף
ڼԴ˼ʱܽϣ̾˿˵
ҪƻĻҾͷɨε޽һ¡

У֮ϴ֣ûع涨Ͳ׼Է
ֻֻǧҪֻ֣ƨɶϴɾģ
ʼǱëԼӵȶ׷״Ӽܳȥ
ʲôֻǿСЦѣжβðɣҪǴͷģ
¶ı˵
˲ֻЦܵס
ۣҾȻСѿˣ
׼ССǵģ
ڰ뼧ɵʱܽϣŹԲ
о񣬲ϣܸϽȣѽĿγ̽𣿡
˸Ͻǰϣǻżһͣͷ
ǵȻ
뿪ʼɡ
û취
ܽϣ¶ЦȻصľǰ档
ղ˵ˣ
ܽϣԲı鿴վľԱߵŷŵ
ղŽι۹ʿ֮󣬾ҪٻصＯϡ
ûûٻϡţͻصңʱʱıƣȻ˵ǱƣֻʱģΪڼϰڼ᳣
ܽϣŶգʾ⡣
Ҳ˵Ҫ˵ǵ򡣡
΢ŵص˵ͷ
ļϰԼҪĸӣԵĻϣܽԼĵһ־ԸɳĳɼС
ڴϣΡ롣ʹͬ˼ҡҷģ˻Լʿ
ڰʿŵҪӽ졢Ҫ￪ʼˡ
еԼոµľӦ
ָ
ܽϣ¶ЦݣҲŷ̵ЦݣǳȰЦݡ
ãĿγ̾ϵλˣԸɡ
ม
ʿԼıɺܺóร̫ʱõԼ·ǳܵ˵ĻӭмƻҪ·ԽøλƷҲԼֵĲҶݵģҲܺúࡡ
˸˵ַ漴ܽϣŲءǳȻ˳˵
˶ˣӲȥɨɡ
ף
ģҲڴġ
Ӳ˫ַǰ¶ȵı鿴ܽϣš
Ǹǡɡ
ȻǻԵģ͵ȵɨ֮ٻɣڱɻ᲻ʣҪ˵ʳˡ
ס
ˣȻҲҪȥ
ʲô
úŬɣӲǻúеıɣǾͷȥɨɡ
ùݡ
ԶⷬڿĻβĿγ˳ĳ˶Ի˳¾㡣
ڶ죬Ӳʮ˿ʼǵļϰȴسۡ

ڶ¡С

1

֮ʮ֮꣬¡
ÿһ꣬ľͱøӲԴïܡ
ظѩˮڻ֮γɵĳҰںɫĴѿĻ䡣
ΪеʪӣԶɽӱˣ꼾Ϊأƽٵö࣬Լʹ꼾Ҳ仯÷ǳ
ͨʿŲļӲˣʽ봺£չΪϰʿĲ
½Աڸŵͨνļϰڼ䣬׶εļӲ˻ֻʱţҲڣܵͬȷʸΪʿԱ󣬲Żᱻ¼ȡΪʽԱҲŻ׼ԳΪʿ
μϰڼ䣬˸Աֵĸӣһ˵ڰæ֮࣬ѧѧϰ֪ʶ
ĿǰڽＯϵļӲʮˣҪܽϣ֪ԼһַĲӡ
ȣӲյ˱ֶַӵ֪ͨ
ܽϣô˵ʱ򣬼Ӳ¶޷ܵı飬ҶƺҪ˵ЩʲôȻǲܸĵģӲĳɴ̾
ܽϣŲӲ飬Ͷ԰οĻ
ӲֻҪȷԣԱҲ鵽ֶӵֻһȥѡ
ӲҲֻôͷɥصͷˡ
ٰ򱻱ӡ
ӲԲĵı鶢ԼٰҲֻһֱ˵ͷ
ݱڶӡ
֪ΪζżӲͦţ¶˲ưԽе̬ȣȻѾǰúܶˣݵĻԲûʲôı䣬Ӳϵһ㡣
Ү֪Ϊα뼱ȷֶӣŵ˿ŵȵ·ֱ𱻱һԼĶӡҮԼַĵλʱ˲¶飬üӲ൱̵ӡ
ޱϯֵ߶ӣǾѲ߶ӣǱֶӡ
֪˵ķַλ֮󣬼Ӳ롣
һǹģܽϣСһǹҪŪҵġ
ܽϣŵı飬ʵ޷ΪԼ뷨ƫֻԼı롣
ΪڼӲǳ󡢷ǳɥʱܽϣ൱еؿ

2

ֶӵļӲǰݷ÷ֶӳͼ硤ᡣ
֮ǰʿŸι۵ʱŷŵѾҽܹˣֻʽϵʺ򣬽ǵһκúý̸
ͼ񳬹ʮˣ˵Ƿǳųʮ껹û뿪Աڰʿɣʮ˸֮١ԼǳϲʿţʿŶǲɻȱֻʲôԭ򣬼Ӳ޴ӵ֪
䯺ѳͷںͼ磬ӡ̵ǴĶͷԼһԲ۾ڰʿ֮кķͣÿ춼Ҫ鹤˶ƺ޷⡣
ȻѾʮӦѾʮˣ൱ᣬʱС˵ɡ
ûдĿ㷿Լ͵ƣǽߵľɲĺļֻ񣬵ذҲжѻɽļ
ƫڲλðڷͼİ칫
ʱֶַӵļϰʿӲǰֶӳ
Ӳַǰʺã漴ͼ̧ͷԼڴӵαϣںֵ´Ӳ
ţܽϣС˵˵Ųʱֵúʢ󣿡
Ǹȫû£һλеҥأ
ͼ罫۾΢Ʋǰ㣬ֱֱżӲ
У
ӲԼıش
ȻеġҪ˵Ļһɡ
ͼЦ˳
Ȥء
ڿ˵ǵһμĸɲǰұֳη̬ȵ˷ǳټͼļʹʿУֻõܽϣӣʹųѶŵʱҲ൱ġ
ԡӦûһˡ
ͼŵʱ򣬳ǸʱȤ¡
ͼҲվǰļӲЩȤµŮǡ򰬰Ů
ͼڰ򰬰˳֮ŵģ˲ûۿ򰬰ˣѧǻԳ𾴵϶˵Ű򰬰Ծ¼
ԭˣʹĿǰдȻĸŮһʮȤ
ͼѾɹʮˣĻҲѾ֮ԹеȤġѹġ˵ġĵģʽ飬ۿѶܽϣʿԾ˵ٶȽʱÿԷİѰʿŽˣͬʱҲΪԼͣѾ㵣ųǸųְλˣͼһڿʼԼ׼뿪ʿţȻӲ΢ıˡ
ȻѾôãٴһӦҲνɣôš
ôԼеЩȵͼ磬ԼӲѯʣ
ò׼֮ȴֵֶӣ᲻Щʧ
ġǸһѡ
Ӳʵ
ԡԲ𣡡
ԲϵͷǸļӲͼ粻ֻû¶΢Ц
ûϵҲû취ġǣȻô˾Կ䣬άʿԱӵǿʿŵҪ̨ûڱ֧֣ʿž޷ֻڻ̨ϻԾ˲ʿԱϣԼסһ㡣
ûбϥҲûԷƱͼ̬ȼǳȻӲܿϲλӳˡ
õģ
ţǾæһЩ̨Ĺɡ
õġ
ֻϲӳϲͼ粢û©Ӳϵʧ顣
鶼ʵӲ
Ӳæ˫ֵסա
ûϵŮСò׼֮ãȴҪ鹤ʵںġȥĵλมЩ뷨ġ
Ӳ亹Ӧ
ҲģֻҾұȽϲó֮ϸĹ
ʹԼôΪģʱȴھĲม
ǡ𣿡
ӲʵܻԼʡ
Ӳ㡣
롢ʲô𣿡
ΪʿŴڵĿʲô
ʿŴڵġĿ𣿡
ûĿġ
Ǿǡ
ӲоЩϣȷСһֱϣʿţԶԣʿžĿģȫûʿŴڵĿġָϵ⡣
Ӳ˼һӣ𰸺ܿͳˡ
ƽͳ𣿡
ţܺõĴ𰸡
ͼصͷ
ѾȷˣȻĻӦþͲҪκζսûɣʿŶԣսǵĿģսֻҪƽͳֶΣսҲܴĿģȻòˡкܶŮսΪʿŵ֮ģЩһ˲Щġ
˺ΰһλĿֶεĴˣӲɵеж
ܽϣһ֣ųȻҲԣ֮⣬ʿﻹͼôˣӲеЩġ
Ӳ÷ǳϲλӵгϢֶӳ
˵ԼһģͼСʵᡣ
Ǻǡ
ͼ΢Ц
Ҳͦġ
ҲڷУҾͼСӵ׿ԽʶˣǱҪ֧ʿŲŶԡ
ͼЦݣ΢ϸ۾
Ƿô˵ģ
ȻοҲҪЦɣ
ĺȤء
ͼڿһֻ羡ͷһ´żӲ
ҡҺȤ𣿡
ͼһֱţӲڵŤ塣
ţܽϣС㽲ʱұĲġ˵ʵ
ʲôأ
ţ֮ܽϣС˵ӲŻ֮ڣΪʿ߸ɲɡ顣
ף
Ӳȵ
ΪԼٻòۣȻûλܽϣžȻ˿á
⡢ʵ۹ͷˣܽϣС㡣ҪǣܽϣСһڴЩŴɲǵĶ󣬸ɲΪʵϵԼ봫Цı֣Ȼ뿴ұЦǱģ
Ӳɵûⷽ룬ֻ֮ҪᵽܽϣţӲһеоֹȡɵ̬ȡ
ʵͼ粢ûᵽܽϣŶһۣǾǡȻǻΪ´ϳʿţֽ֪ءܽϣŲؿüӲ
ܽϣţֻξȻֲ²ⶼûг棬ΪļӲû뿪ʿţ߸ɲֱӽΪųĻѾ˼ֵľܽϣűˡ
ֻĿǰʱ㣬ȻûԤϵ顣
ʹˣͼҲʵʸܵӲΪʿŴǸֵڴ
Һڴı֣Ӳ
һúŬϣṼڴ
ιݶȡ
ǣͼС㡣
ڷһǰ棬񶼶ĬĬҵһСŮվߵͼԼӲǰ
ͷ̷Լ۾̵ӡ󣬿оӲͲࡣ
ҵ٣ݶȡϣ˾ͼ˹
ҽݶȡϣ˾ͼ˹
ǼӲҮɭɣָ̡
ӭֶӣӲ
˱˴⡣
ݶȣЩӲɡ
ǵġ
Ӳתͼ繧صͷ
һҪչˣָ̡
ţ֮Ͱɣ
ͼ۾ӼӲȻһ
ΪϲĹùЧʴۿม
ǵȻġ
֪ͺãȥɡ
ôӲߡ
õġ
ݶȵǰżûаκζӸӣΪ˼ǰļӲ׼ġ
ôɡ
ӲϺݶȾǰӰһصļ

Ӳɵóһ
뿴
ݶָļ˵
ϸʳĵֵϣǸԱæ߸Եܺ͡
Ӳļϣ漴СԼ֡
õġ
Ӳʼѣ
Ǽõķֽ
лл
ʲôĵطʱҡǾ鷳ˡ
ݶ˵صԼλϡ
벻ڼϰĵһֹ
·Ϊ˱ⱻݶȻͼӲǳС̾
һ뵽ӦöͷǣЩԼļӲ룬ǰ棬Ǵӻ飬ͷ嶯һ϶ȽϺá
ȻˣҲ޼£޷ıȶʵӦҪԼΧڣԼ顣
ĵļӲ𱻽ļʼмĹ

3

絽ļսӳ죬Ѿǵˡ
ڼ䣬ӲݶָεĴֱҪʼˣҪǼֲյĵط鹤ͻָ⿪ʼܣֱȫãӲëȻ
ҪȥֻҪŹ¾ͻַλˣ͵Ǹʱ򣬺ˣרɽĹɡ
ӲļƴֵļӼ˳Ȼ֮󣬼ӲʶʼԶǰļɵӦͷٰ򼧶
һ״ֱߵĹͻῪʼ©ʹļ֣ҲȫС
ӲĲɵģݶ̾˵
ӲȻ㹻ļרעȴûа취ά֡
ӲȻع
ֱָժԼҲΪ˼Ӳûбء
οʵϾ
ǳǸ
ӲҲֻܵͷˡ
ӲһΡ
ڼӲ׼»ص㹤ʱղŽȥļݶ˻ϸһͷԺŴĵط
ݶûҲûʧƽ̬ȶԼӲ˵
ϣ΢רעǰĹͺˡ
ӲϵͷǸ˻صļԼϣΪҪĲݺܶ࣬ļ޼
У׼Ҫ԰ʿŬ
ҲԼΪʿȻ⸱ԣʵ̫ˡʱʵӦ˵ӲŬȥ
ŶѻɽļӲ鿪ʼ¼ݡ

4

ݽ׼Ҫʼ繤ʱӲȻյܽϣŵļ
Ĺ֮뵽ܽϣСİ칫ұ
𴫻Ա֪Ӳ뿪ˡ
Ӳͷ˼ʲô飬Ȼÿ»ַλһΣֻһʱѣΪʲô𣿻˵
һʼ˼ܽϣȥԭƽ᷸Сͱøˡ
Ӳļݶ̲סʧزҽС
Ӳ͵Ϊֹɣ
ף
оעɢæҲֻҵĹ
˵仰ݶȲһμʱôо۾ΧһȦȦҲЩݡ
Һ
Ӳͷ
ġܱǸ
ûϵҲû취ġ
벻Ҫô˵




ͳչʢ̾Ϣս
ݶȺȻ̧ͷżӲ˵
ʵڲʺ鹤
ʵ֮ǰѾ֪ˡȻôģӲԺߵЦιȥ
ݶСȻҲôΪ𣿡
Ҳ
ͼֶӳ˵һĻ
ţ롭Ӧÿô˵ɡ
Ӳ¶Цݡ
ӦûʺĹŶԣϣҵ
еĻͺˡ
ģ϶еģ˲ûеģͼСҲô˵
ǳлл
͵Ϊֹ
Ӳ˸ȻĿͼİ칫ӵΪĿǰλϡ
ͼСǱߣһúø˵ġ
Ǿ鷳ˡ
ҪлҲûйϵҪĲӡ
ӲݶȹصͷлȻ뿪䡣

5

ھ뼯ϻһʱ䣬ӲȰѽɨĴ꣬˳Ųȥ
ԼһСʱɨļӲȥѲ߶ӵֵŷŵµѧȷϺ󣬲ܽϣŵİ칫ҡ
칫ûţԼӲӹγ̽ͷ쿴
ˡ
Ÿ˵꣬ͷ漴Ӧ

ӲҮɭǰ
Ӳ߽һѾȵˡ
״νܽϣŰ칫Ҹһʯıռ䣬ĿռʮֿȻһɶʮϣʹӲʮ˽ռ仹Ǻܳԣ
Ŀռ䣬ڲӡ̣ռǽڵĸߴܲŰڷŸ鼮
ڷһǣʮرڵϣ֪ѾŲˣΪĶû
ͼİ칫һҲûдǫ̈̄ϵԼ͵Ƶĵƹ⣬ǽڵͷ벢鼮鱳ҡҷĳɫҫ΢΢ֳӣһ޷мܵ
ʿŵλĵطЩܽϣŸղص鼮ļӲ¶ߵı黷ڡ
λڷƫڲλðܽϣʹõĴ칫칫ԼҲѷźü顣
ѻĲֻ鼮дССĸʽļ߸ɲ󣬸Ӧÿ춼вþļɣ뵽ܽϣÿ춼ЩļɽܶӲ̲סЩͬ
ӼӲ߽֮λÿȥܽϣŰ칫ұ߲ԶʹõӣͷļҲǶѻɽ
ǼӲһμܽϣŵ١
ʹӲ߽ڣҲû̧ͷ˼ΪϵļѻɽӼӲĽǶȺѱĳ飬רעǰļļʵ϶λǳܸɵŮԣô˵˵ܵ޷ܽϣŵһְ
Ϊ˱ҵٵȻûдװ
ſɼϥȹԼɫ£Ȼһ°ڱȽ϶̵Ļɫ£Щʿ·ͷϹȻǴʿŷöñӡ
칫ǰżŰʣһ˴ڰϡ
ӲֻʿŷļȹĿǰǼϰݵδ׼ʿŵ׻ͷ
ӲĺϿ촩ʿŵ׻ͷ
ٱ߷ֱߵļ˵
ԼҸطܽϣС
ֻ˵ЩҽܶûС
ӲӦ֮ڼԱߡ
ȹҲȤģӲװ֪ģȫ±˵
硣
ǰΪıֵڣԹֻ磬Ȼصǡ
ԭˡ
ҴɨĴѾˡ
Ӳ΢뼧ľ룬Ȼ˼һۡ
á
ȻҪĻѹʣ
˵ӲμҪʲô
ʵҲ֪
ӲҲ֪𣿻ʲôء
ڼ˼ʱŵ˿ҲˣĴӲͬӦ˵ʮϰһĴ磬ص·رݵ벻
ˣǼϰʿŵ˿

ٻû̧ͷҲûҽܡ
ԼҸطܽϣС
ֻظŸղŶԼӲ˵Ǿ仰
ŵ˿Ӱ칫Һ˽ԱߵһŰϡ
硣
þòˣŵ˿
þò
ԣʲô飿
ŵ˿濴˵
ʵǸղҲ⣬۳𰸡
Ļشŵ˿ҲС˵
ǵøտʼʱ˵´εļǰ֮󡯰ɣ
ǵģ
ţûû
˸˼ԭʱ򣬰šޱϯšٰҲϡ
Ƕݡŵȵ£ִҮһȫԱˣû֪μϵԭ
ȻȵòͷĶѯ٣
Ҳ֪λܽϣСɡ
䵭Ļش𣬶Ҳֻʼصλȴ
˲ٲ²ɣǸԿʼġ
ĵĻԼַһЩ飬˭ܿص㣬ǿģһЩҪĲݡ
ӲܿͲˣ׷ΪҪǱĳ˷ʵĻ͵гԼµĸֹˡ
֮
˲ãܽϣŷŵ֮ͬ»ˡ
ư
ˣ
ʮ֮ܽϣűǻ˻֣Ҫǲþн¡
ʧˡ
˸£ٰŷŵܽϣҪõİʡʮĸ߼һ㡪ԼӲ˵λϡ
ܽϣŷŵϵİʽͷװж¸׼õİϡ
ˣλ
ܽϣŻػˣһ棬ŷŵ¶һ֪ı鿴ĵط
ټλûԭȻԤʱ磬λķַλ֮ô¡
Ϊɵؾ֡
ʲô𣬶ݣ
ΪʲôԤĳɽأ
ܽϣһЦһֻÿ˱ĶЦݡ
֪𣿡
Ӳ˲òҪ֪ȽϺãҪ˵֮ǰݾ˵ͷ
ǵȻġ
Ҿ˵ˡ
ܽϣƺֵܿĴָʳָסԼ̫Ѩϴࡣ
ΪұϣλҪ󡣲ԣ˵ҪҪ˵ĻȽ񡭡вɣҲǡѾҪˣϿൽĲӰɡ
˶ɵóһ
ΪΪʲôһҪ˵᲻أ

ܽϣŤıȵĸо
ûԾ𣬶ݣ
ǡ
ݽͰҪҽڣϴԱ߲廰ǲ
֪ˡݣǲʲô°
˵ĺʲô˼Сôܻأ
΢΢żܽϣǳ˵
ţ˵Ҳǡڿѧִѧüֱʹѧ̲סץס·ͳˤ˳ȥҪſȫ˲𡣡
ͨʼ磬ĬĬذϣ漴˫ָ
Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ô˵ΣţѵͲš𣿡
ܽϣŲŸ˵꣬ͽסˡ
ʲô°
λɰŷˡ
ʵûʲôġ
ܽϣŷǳؽַڶߣҲɳϰ
ûʲôҸղûúղ˵ûʲôǰɣ
ǸзһЩ飬ûкء
ԭˡԭˡԱǰóʱΪûץ׼˷ڸġףĳ̶޷޸ȷûʲô˵ģֻġװɣ
ǸΪ
ĶͷðĺˮҸҲð亹
ǵ֮ǰ˵ǺܹصĶʹֻġףҲһнˮˡҪٷͬĴ´ξͰнˮ۹⡣
ԡԲԺСĵģһҪԭ°
ͶصļܽϣŵĽűĥصǸ
⸱ԻǶ
¶Ʋıż漴ܽϣҲ¶ǳƲı鿴򰮷š
ѽΪһ㶼ûжɣţô˵Ҳûеģû
ŵļ΢΢һ£ԽӲĶߴӼƿ¶ǳ鶯Цݿܽϣš
ǸСͲÿˡ
оѵʱѧ㵣㱳̫أʱ˵СƽǱűظѰĶ·ûʲô˵ġȻｲô
ֱָܽϣŴ󺰣
С˵ˣÿС𡫡
ԲԣţҿǶġ
һΧȥ˶¶²ı飬ȴܽϣż˵ȥ
СС˵
֧֧Щתƻ⣬Ȼֶ
Ȼｲô
ܽϣ˵Χ͸Ӧʣ
Ȼ󣿡
ںԽһбµʱ㻹ǲСĻһӣֻˤбµ£Ϊͷܵػ赹ˡΪ˰ѻԵ˺񻨷˲ٹม

طЦ
ۡء
źȻվ˫ֵסУȻðܳ칫ҡ
ˣ
ȥ

Ҳų˰칫ҡ
źܿؾŰŵĲӰˡ
ſС󱿵
ô˵ȻһǱԺͺúദɣ
˭һǱҪС󱿵
˺ˣϿɣСá
ءС
ӲҲֻ¶ЦˣܽϣԼŷŵλҲͣ·ļ֣¶Цˡ
˵ĶһܽϣŽͶҮߴȻʼףҮӦҲ˺ܴĹ
Үʲô飿
ѯܽϣţһԵҮͷ
״ţҿûж⣬ȷֶӵҲô˵ġԼĹֻҮƺ֪ôִ硣
¶ı鿴ҮԽԽСƴתͷȥͬԡ
֪ΪʲôֻҪæϵԱƶء
̲סһЦ˳ֻж޷ŵؿҮ
ֻҪҮһ֣Աȫŵߣû취Ϊơ
˴Ц˳Ҳɵ¶Ц
ҮԼòСԿɥı̧ͷݡ
һοҮ޵ӣʵɰģӲԴЩȡ
ǡǳǸС㣬ȻüˣǺִҶԸܡ
ǿЦݣЩȻ˵
ýģκ˶óó
Ҳǣ˵ȷó벻ó򣬲ݣҲҪΪЩڽƵʱԭȴ֪ʱ˵Աһɡ
ݲһֻܵͷ
֮ô¡
ܽϣŻˣ˶ֱͦרעܽϣš
ϣǸλǿҪ˷ӿֻñƲѱԤг̣ǵλˡ
ΪûᵽԼӲĵش˿
˵ҲǣҰС飬˱Ǻöˡ
ˣӲ
ͨ
Ӳһ£ԼҲӰ
ղ˵ˣĽҲҡ
ûûС°ɡ
ݶΪ˰ʰƺ˯ͼķ

˺ܺãԴŲ㡣

ô˵⼸첻֪ΪʲôݶȿƣͶһЩݣ۾Ҳ˺Ȧ
ܸɵȫãͼĺԽ
ء
ô˵⼸첻֪Ϊʲôÿοͼ綼鲻̫á
Ӳ˫ְգ忪ʼ΢΢
ҾȻôšô죬ô죬ô졭
ܽϣʼҡҡͷ
Ҳû취ʲôˣ´μǵʱٺúõǸɡ
ء֪ˡ
ܽϣſ˴ͷɥļӲһۣȻٶȻǰˡ
εʱַΨһɲ˵Ůǲӡˣžֻŵȵ°ɡ
Ǻǡ
ŵȵµͦţŵ˿̾˿Լá
Ϊһֻ湤򡣡
ŵȵµüնŽ㡣
ֻᡯʲô˼ۺʱεضһԺӰ
漴밮ͬؽг
ˡ
ȻûиźӲҲͬ
һ£ʲô˼
ŵȵ׶ż밮š
Ժӡ
͸߶ͨأ԰ɣ
ҳһ¡
Ҫ𣿡
ã
վ˴˻ɵʱ򣬺Ȼ˴ӱǵļ
ǲ˵Ҳû취ͳȥɣҲûˡԶá
Ѹذʶƣµı˵
ǳ
Сòˡ
ôܲأ
⼸ǡ
ʹܽϣţƺҲûˣεҡҡͷԼλӡ
ˣôҾ͹ǽķַλݣ㵽Ѳ߶ӡ
ǡǵģ
ܽϣҲµķַλӲһλǵӣȻǼȷֶӣҲѾõĲ񣬼Ӳֽкá
Ȼ˵񣬼ϰʿҲֻܰæӣʵϾ񲿶һΪٻ鹤иĳɾ͸С
ʱܽϣŷ·͸ӲĵϲƵĮ˵
ȸ˵Ҫ֮ٷƵ飬ô㣬ҲһᱻӡϲϸļǺšλִʱҪģ˰ɣ
¶صıƵƵͷ
ܺãô쿪ʼµλŬʹ˽ɢ
ǵġ
Ѹվܽϣͷʱ򡭡
ˣ
ǺȻʲôƵһϥǣܽϣŵ̬ȿ൱ȻֻŷŵľٶЩ
ȻҶＯˣҪҪȥݸ裿
ף
¶ȵı鿴ܽϣţȻֻŷŵΪؿķȫƲܽϣŵͼ
ܽϣЦˡ
Ӧûûݹɣ
ǵģǵȻ
ı˵ͷ
֧ͷֻԡĵطȽСıԡ豸ûУڽһĹ֮󣬾ҪˮԼˬһ㣬Ҳлʵ֡ϾʿŶŮɵģСӦðһ±Ƚ׵
ǸɲһЩλĴˣǱǸ
ǣС㲢ڶܽϣСﲻ
˼ɣ
ݽƿѻƵش
û¡
ܽϣЦ˳
͵ǽĿɣȰڵһߣ֮ҸղźȻ뵽ӦҪ˳ݺúðϵĺˮɾ
СԭҲڽɢ֮ȥϴ衣ȻеСǱϾԡأֻǱСΪӦòܽϣСԴǹȥ
ܽϣ˻֡
ﲻá
ףʲô˼
ռ̫С̫࣬û취ú÷ɰɣ
ܽϣ˵󣬼ͬ
ûϴˮȵֱֵط
ԣرдȥ¶ãô¡
ף¶ã
˶۾ܽϣš
ͷ豸𣿡
ݵ⣬ܽϣһЦ
ǡ
תɻɵܽϣŵĻܻܿ˵ɽͷȪԴǾȥɡֻ
Ҫֻɵ
ܽϣŲ˵š
ôأ
֪ǵݵĹϽȪɣ
ţ֪
ǴǱˮԴһ¶ã߹ȥֻҪ̣עձĿǽһֳʮʱΣһΪСʱM൱һʱ͵ˡ
˵۾Ҫ;лˣֻҪ̡߰ҲһСʱĻǳˡ
ļϰʿҲʹ𣿡
ѯʡ
ţԭǸɲרõʩֻҪиɲ죬һԱҲʹáȥҿԴǹȥô¡
ǰһȻصͷ
شȥ
̧ͷԷǳı˵
ʱܽϣСˢġ
ֻǽҮɣ

˵ˣƿԣ漴Ҳǰһ
СܽϣСϴŵġ
Ҳؽ˵
»æϴܽϣСزһϴúܸɾ
ܽϣϾ֣ȻĶż
ˣȫüæϴҵز
¶ı顣
𡫡ºܻᰴĦ彩Ӳĵطรһ԰æǼܡ
ҵزӲȻҲҪԻǲˡҪǴżһȥұȽϵõǵ
ʲô˼
ûʲôֻǻᱻ˵Խ롯
ѽ
ǱȱƵطĲҽ
СܽϣС㣬̫ˡ
ôܽϣС㣬ҪüĴŮװ𣿡
ʱݲ˵
ȡһ£ݡ
ָԭ֮󣬼Ŷ¶ɵı顣
Ůװʲô˼ڴľʿŷȹ
·޷֤˶֪㲻꣬˵
ء
ݵġǶݡ
ȷұ˹Ǵ½ӲΪҲҵͱȶݻҪ񶾵ˣȻеĸ˵
˸ǷЦʱܽϣվ
ŷŵҪһȥ𣿡
ŷŵάı黺
ÿϧҵȵȻҪصϿᡫ
ʱŷŵѾ֪˾ͼˣ֪֮ԼҪȥȽϺõĽֽۣ롣
ϧ
ǵģÿϧ
ŷŵ˾¶Цݣ漴ܽϣžʹصŷŵ߽˲˻𻨣յļӲȻеЩ죬ɽŸкܿʧˡ
ܽϣµػָЦı˵
ôЩϰľҴȥɡ
ĺܱǸǾ鷳ˡ
ŷŵװ֪ӵͷ
ҲæӰվԳϣܽϣͷ
鷳ųˡ

6

⡭Ǿˡ
վԡԱߵĶݸ̾š
ƽɽϿѳһʯԡأȪԹ̶ˮŹԡ˻ˮðůԡʮֿ㣬ʹʮͬʱݽȥֱֽţƺҲ൱ԣĿռ䡣
б¿ԸϦµĿ˹أƻˮƽĸ߶ȣԿһͷصɽ塣
ǰɽȽ䣬ԶĸɽȺǻѩ׺ɰããһƬЩѩҲԽԶԽģںһƵʧңԶһˡ
ɽиɵϦҫ֮ȾɫŵϼøһֿɼĴ
ȻǳǽϿȥľɫͺ׳ˣȻı߱ǻҪߣ֮ǰӲ˵оǱС񡱵ĸ룬ôվͻ˵оǱŮָɡ
ϸ½ŮǣĹ⾰
ڼӲ˼ʱԱǸʵļʵĸʵ
￴ܽϣС㣬Ǿ͸Ͽȥݰɡ
ܽϣ¶ЦӦ
˵Ҳǣﲢû걸øңǾڸҸܵĵطѵ·պú͹ɡ
˵Ǹˣ¶óʯƵԡ֮ʲôûУȻҲûκεղܽϣŵļᱻϳԶֹ볡ֻһЦ
á
ڻشͬʱѾ·ת֮Ҳѵþ⣬·ֱӵʯͷԡȥ
һ
ԡصļܴˮҲ߸ߵˮ
һĺûǵġ
Ѿѹİæµ·ãžƵԡȥ
ڶ
߸İŹȥʹʢˮֱӴ򵽼ϡ
ۣʲôһʵںܴ³ǵġ
Сɲ뱻ô˵
ԡ첢һˮݹҡͷ˵룺
ǵģֻݸ¶þô̫ˡ
ʱŵ˿Ա´ݵ塣
Сʲôŵ˿
ŵ˿¶ǳжıƵƵͷ
ûУֻǾöݹȻܳ죬滹档
ŵȵҲԱ̽ͷ
ϼȻһ˵ĸо졣
Ƕ¡
ȫҮ¶µıƽŵ˿æ˻֡
ԲԣֻЩжˡӦ˵ͬΪŮԵң֪Ҫ˵㽻Ǽ㣬ʹǰŮĵ񣬻ڶݵǰҲ̲סҪߡ
ѽţС壬Ļɡ
ҪôһƵͦؿڡԺŤϰǶԷеԵԲ׶˫Ťҡβѡ
ŵ˿˲ô̵ڼھյݶݵľϣҲѧܿҮķ
ŵ˿ǻۣӲٶȸе
ôСȽȥˡ
Ťԡصķȥ
Үٶȵŵ˿һۣҲ˵ԡء
ŵ˿תżӲ¶ЦݣӲҲֻܿЦӦˡ
ô˻Ҫվſ𣿡
·ԼµܽϣŻŻվԭصļӲٰŵ˿ŵȵ½áޱϯŵʣ
ǲ·վֵطðม
ӲæãȻԡȥܽϣǰ
˸Ծԡͷֱֽţˮ¶˶һӶڻƣͷ·𶼴ܽ

˫ֳո߸߾ֱ漴Ҳͷ
ȷʵû뵽ôԡͷչġ
ǰǹӵϣ취
ŲŸ˵꣬¶Ľı鿴ܽϣš
ɲʱʱá
ʱͿԹรοĴɨɸɲʵġ
ףɨɲҲҪɨɨ
ֻǼ˶ȵؿܽϣţֻǰѱԡأҽ˫ַԡԵ۾ԷǳɵƵͷ
ΪֻǿʹõĵطԵȻҪԼɨȻʱҲһԱæϻʹߣҲǸɲԼɨ
ǡ𣿡
Ȩһģ仰Ӧκεطͳúüסɡ
ǵġ
Ȼлش𣬲ܽϣ˵ĻĿǰ޷ʵᵽ
ΪɲĵλܸߣԼʹõĵطʵҲԶµȥɨɣ
ڼΪΪȻģҲȻ飬ȻʿŵһЩƺ뼧ĳʶ̫һ
ƶʿʱųųٶǾɸɲǵ໥飬Ȼų븱ų֮ǰһᾭɲǵۡ
ִ˵ʽν壬ȻһʼûС塱ĸվڶ˾ʿŵ˵Ǵྶͥ
ڼֳƽԣһ־Լʵ飬Ҳ˸˵һ飬ԼʿŹȻȷģ롣
ҪǣΪʿʹʶȺû顣
Ӳٰ򡢰šŵ˿ŵȵ½áޱϯţжҮ
Ȼ֪ݶԼʲôڵʱ˵ĶǱСͬ飬ǲ¡ⷬû١
ĽͶݡ
οԸָ߼ǧվͬͬݹ£ϸҲܲˣΪƽҪǼĻ˺ʮϥУ治ǰʿšӦÿô˵ɣ
ߣϸ۾ʣ
ʲô𣬼
ûʲô¡
ŵƿߣݵЦ
СȽزСñۣǲӦ÷ϣรΪʹƽøһ㻹мɳĿԡ

Ͱɣ
ڡû飡
ѽղſСıҪһСΪ
ʲôı飬ֻǸպˣҡ
Ȫͷֱָ֣Ŷݡ
Ҫ˵˵زƽøһ
Ǳƽøһ
ʱŲ˵
¿ɲ뱻ϴ°ô˵
˵ʲô
Ųɵվżһߴб·´һ˵
ο涼û
ͨİæ׽ԡء
СѻôƽҲġ
ءݣ۸С
ԱߵĶϼٿޣ漴ݱͷ
ùԺùԣŮͣûزҲûϵȻһǡûС͵ļҪõö࣬ŽĿԻȽϸม
ۡùݣ
¶ĵı
ֹͣٿ޵İҲ̧ͷŶݣ¶޵ı૵˵
ͲڰοСɡ
ܽϣЦ˳ϻָı˵
ǵĸãţѵá
¶ȵı鿴ܽϣš
СĽʵ㲻ϺܺáͬԱѵ𣿡
ݵҲڳ˵뷨
ȻͬԱǴҾͲֻǹͬܶĻ飬ͬʱʿҲǾ֡ʹװôܣĻǻ䣬ἵʶԷ֮״ǺͨģϿΡţһֺȤ󡣡
ԡͷʮ˿ű˴ˡ
ȷˣӲͬ˵
ȷԼĵλԼ֮ϵĶݣѱ˵ɾֻȻģҮԼԼٰ֮䣬ӦҲ־ʶڡ
ò˼ǣʹǼŻŵ˿Ҳٻ־ʶȻŵȵµϸоõ˵ĶԿ̬ӽŵ˿ȴоȻңԸΪףڲ˴Ȩλŵ˿Ӧ̵Ŷԡ
ˡҲԼޱϯţҲûиоǿҵϽġ
ѵǳŲӰ
ͬٹͷȻô˵еţԼǸʱȷǧһŵ˿ĸˣҲǰһжϲŲսġ
һεʹʮ̵ָ֮ôĵĲҲΪĳɹ
ȻܽϣС㣬ھݵʱ򣬾뵽ĿԷɡ
ӲٶܽϣŵıԶǣܽϣŲûвӲ뷨Ǽ˵
½ԱôͣҲ⼸ûйġ
ܽϣʱֹͣ˵ʼͶΧʮˣ˶֪ǷӦýϵĳޣֻ¶ı΢΢ͷ
Ҳ˵׻มҲϣǿԼɳ׳ȥϣǲҪȣҪͬЭԼ׸ʿţǴĵôϣġ
Ǹ
¶ıעܽϣš
ǽŬϣṼܽϣСڴ
˵Ҳͷ
һ͵ġ
һúŬġ
ָǡ
һ᲻ϧģ
˸ԱԼľģٶȶܽϣŵͷ⡣
ţͣҺڴ
ܽϣ¶ѵõЦա
ҹĻʹΧ𽥱ڰ֣֮ǰȵȼĻѻ⣬ԡʮһ˵Ĳճɳɫ
ǺƯ
仰Ҳլ
ۣģǿյʹָľӰɡ
ȵ˵š
ɰǧǶûյ룬ǹ⿴Ϊҫۡ
ƯҲԸһգ֪ɲժЩأ
ӲС˵ĻܽϣϾͿǲ
รԭǸʫ˰Ӳ
Ǹ
ܽϣЦš
ɵٸߣҲû취ժǵģӲЩǿλڸߵĵطม
˵áҲǡ
ôΪġ
˿ܽϣš
ʹûа취죬ֻҪһɵģǵĹâͻԶλԼСҵ뷨
ܽϣСųƵʫء
Ӳ˵ܽϣһЦ
ûʵʫࡣ㲻֪𣿡
ʡʱˡдǡˡ𣿻ǡʬˡأ
ַʽͣܽϣŷǳĵؿЦ
治ݡ̬ڿɲԱ⼸ûгֹУʮΧҲֻһӦÿԶŸʽڴɡ
ݵһ˲ϾͻָԭƣԺͦز
ǹز£ԱС㱧űȼ򰮷ŻҪڴɣ
ۣùݣݣԭ㲻ֻ̬ȸ߰Ҳܶ񶾰
̫ˡҲڲô
Ȼ밮ָͬ𣬶ȴһ¡
ĻزɳұСɣʱ˵ʲôС㶼ϴġ
أ治ġ
һСһᱨġ
ڼ밮ҧгݵʱԱߵļӲ¶ЦȻȴ൱ȡ
Ϊ˽ԼĻȻԳţڴǰǲܷġ
仰˵Ҳɳ𣿻ǡ
Ӳ˶һۡ
ǶѾͬŸǡԼͬȵͬ顱ˣ
߽ǰɡ
ǻ뾭ıҪǵλı䣬ԼͱҪһı䣬Ǳñ仵Ҳᡣ
Ӳٶҹա
ҹҫǶ⼸ʮȫûб仯ȻȴǵҪ仯ǵҪɳС
ϵķǣӲġ
ԼҪı䣬Ϊϣ԰ʿЩ޿ȡͬһΪʿŵ֧ԼҪȫԸ
ֻǼӲǶݡšŵ˿ŵȵ½áޱϯţԼٰҮ˶ǿգϸƷζܽϣŸղŵǷ¶Ҫͨ󼴽ٵĿ顣
ܽϣŷǳѵõůػǰʮˣȻȻ뵽Ƶز˵
˶ˣλȵϴ֮Ҫæɨม
ף
˶ıܽϣš
ɨ𣿡
ݻʡ
ûɨ
ͷ˼
ﲻɸɲɨ𣿡
ǰԵȵϴ֮ҾҪɨΪǸոպڳ˳æҲûϵɣ
ô˵Ӳˡ
ղܽϣŲ˵һԱæ仰𣿻仰˵ֵԼҪɨãΪüӲһæԲŻҹ衭ԭôһ¡
治ܽϣС㡣
ܽϣƵ׼ԼԼͼֵݼӲˡ
ӦòֻܽϣС㡣
Ͳ˾ͼѸٳ˵ŷŵҲֱ˵˾°ɣӲʡԼ̫ˡ
Ǳ³𡫡
رԹܽϣų¶Цݡ
ҲһֽѵࡣҪ˵ĻԲлģ
ЩԱطʣ
Ҫʲô
õǴ̵ģõôҪۣѵĶԶġ
һĵġ
ֻǼ˿϶Խˡ

7

֮󣬼Ӳʮֱµףڵڶʱַĵλ
ʱΪʱΪ˳ɶޣʱΪ˴ʹԶԣظḶ́ŸԵĲ
ΪѾʧܹһζһܽϣžˣǲ֮ǰһηַʱһʧ̬˶ûбĵλ˳ضɹ¡
µһ죬˱нܽϣŵİ칫ҡ
ӲһֱΪμΪٶתλȻڼϵʮǰܽϣ˵൱Ϣ

8

ƻʱ֣ŷŵһܽϣŰ칫ҵʮˣĽͶһۺ󣬾Ͷܽϣ
ŷŵŰʮɴʿ·
ܽϣҲûдףڰ칫Ұ칫ʱֻᰭ£󶼻ĴҲ൱㣬ֻһϥȹһ¡
·ĳЩ΢ĲͬͨȹڶֳƬΪڱҪʱܷж
ʮϰʿȫˡ
ݴ˱ȻûȾ˭ǲ֪ʲôʱʼ֪˳Ȼؾˡ
ˣˡڵڶַĵλƺûʲôӡ
ܽϣſα˵ӲԼҮ˼صͷܽϣһЦ˵
ɡ
ŷŵڰ칫ǰİʣԼҲŰϣܽϣϰǰ㣬˫桢ְסȭ֣Ұֱϡ
ܽϣϵЦݲ֪ʱʧˣü䴩ˣʹüӲ˲ӡ
һ鷳ˡ
ܽϣźԤͻȻ˵仰
˵ġ鷳顱ǲǸԼıйأ
ܽϣš´ʧȥʸ񡱵仰Ժ𣬼Ӳ˵϶ʱʧȥѪɫ
ϸ룬ǲǵʵϰзʲôصĴողżϵʱĵݣӦöһ
οܽϣڸղŲ˵ڵڶַĵλƺûʲôӡֻ
Ҳν鷳¸޹ôôأֻǼӲ˶ͬʡ
ܽϣ䵭񻷹˽ʮˣȻŵ˵
ԱʧˣڿʼҪǳΪѲ߶еһСӣЭ
ʲô
˶ŴʹעܽϣţֻʳָҡΣڶݵϡ
ⲻŹǧӦеıรݡ

Ѹֽ̧Ŵͺ
Ҳع˱ͱ飬ѯʵܽϣš
ôأ
µţղŵʧ̬СĸֳĴ顪ƺѾеɡûˡ
ӦҪѧѧл̬ȵٶȣӲ˼
̫ܽϣСⷬ˼
ݿµı鷢ʣܽϣһЦش
ţҲǡھͽϸ˵ˡ
˿ڿˮ
ȻܽϣŻǿˡ϶൱Ҫ顣
˵ˡ
ԱʧٵȷǼ£ȻֻΪҪɾѲСչжӲʵ޷еĹԡ
˼оȴų˵
ʧٵԱڸ֧ݵĵӣǰճֵڳѲߣ֮ȴҲûлˣҲɳӵ飬ûҵǵ䣬Ѿ졣ǻǱĳ¼Ƿĳ⣬Ҳǡ
ܽϣ˵ʱֹͣϾͼ˵ȥԷǳµı顣
ʿš
˵ı鶼ΪȶŤᷢ
ǲôȡ
ܽϣŵǸ̵Цݣһı飬Ӳ˷ࡣ
¶ܽϣС˵ǸеˣӲô롣
Ϊʵ٣ǻðʲһֻҪʿŵˣʵżֵģżѡ
𣿲Сû顣
ݵĻӦܽϣźܸɴصͷ
Ϊ˱ɸķԱܰˡ
ԭˡ
˸¶ı飬صͷ
ҪǰʿĻܴĵط鷳ˣҸҪǣûоŮͬţǲġŻܵӦеĴԣӦ˵ǵôУΪά֯ȻܿϧʵڵЩǶԣǾòɡ
ŵ˿Щɵؾ֡
ʿٵʵ⣬ѾˡҪɾѲСչжһһ޷ȫ⡣ʾ˵Ϊʲôأ
Ϊֲǰæ仰˵ǡֶ衯ע仰ɡè֤ꤿԭèֶ裬Ʃæòɿè¤æ״̬
ܽϣ˵¶ƵЦݡ
οǲͨĲ񡣡
˳Ծ
⡢ʲô˼أ
ô£֮ǰҲ˵Ҷźܸߵۡ
˶Էǳɵܽϣš
ҪǱɰƭͻᱻصצ˺ɣΪǾ㡣
ķȸˡ
ǳޡ
ܽϣųűԹļֱֵĴĴָ
ģֻǱһģȲɰҲ
Űˤڵϡ
Ҷ̲סЦ˳ܽϣżŷŵҲĵЦţֻһûͣ·ļ֣ͷҲû̧
ˣصˣ԰ɣ
ҡҡλվļæѰʰں¡
롢ɣܽϣС㡣
ôͽˡ
ܽϣźȻվʹ̿ˮϸɹһȦܽϣһһ˵
ҪʮСӼ뾯Ѳ߶ӣʧԱʿŵʽǵжŷŵָӡҽˣʲô𣿡
ʡ
ӲЩɵؾ֡
ôӲʲô𣿡
ӲıЩ顣
ô᲻ΪʲôֻҪҾ֣;вأ
ţô˵Ҳԡ
ܽϣͷ˼ӲЩԶԡ
Ҫ˵Ļ᲻ӦûǶݲŶ԰ɣ
СŲᣡ
ҽذһ£ԵҮܽϣš
߿Ÿųˣʹ˱ʿҲֻһ˰ɣҮԶݵҳ϶Ⱦһ˿Աġԣ˵ǳ죬Ӳ̲סΪж
ֻǵӣĳڸĵطܽϵĹϵӦÿôݰɣȻԼٰ֮Ҳǿ͵֮ƺڲͬĵȼ
Ӳٶȶ˵ĹϵȤǰĵ˶Ǵ飺
벻ҪѱСݵ÷ǳԣÿζ᲻𣡡
Ҳԡ㲢ÿζ᲻ǳ
̾˺óһ
ˣ˵ȥ
ԼӲʲô𣿡
˵߶ڼӲϣǵڴƺΪӲֻ˵ʲô֮
ǵģһ£Ӧöڼϰ׶ΡʮϰʿСӡûϵ𣿡
˶¶ʧı飬ܽϣҲζȻ˵
ϵء
ӲҲʼ߿
Ϊÿζֻ˵𣿡
Ҳԡ㲢ÿζô˵ǻ᳣˵顣
ӲԵôͷɥһԵĶ¶ͬıļӲļ
Ҫ̫ȽϺãӲ
˵áҲǡ
Ӳ̧ͷٶѯʣ
һΣʮСӡûϵ𣿡
ǵģû⡣Ҹղ˵ģĿǰǵֲֶ衣
ܽϣźܸɴػش
ȻӲ޷𰸣ܽϣţҼɣ
Ҳ޷⡣ȻҪһСӣ罫ǴɢеĸСӣٴӸСѡʽԱһ֧СӣǸΪ𣿡
ȷȽƣ״¡
Ҳ˵ε״̫𣿡
ܽϣͷ
ţûҪ˵ʵϣԿʮ˵ı֣ƾЩʲôı֣ô¡
Ӳ¶൱ɵı˵
СӰҲΪжκΰ
Ӳܽϣⷬƺ顣

ܽϣźȻֽкá
Сӣ֣ӲãСӾΪСӡɣ
ٰ֮ˣָͶӲӲ޷мǵһӺͷ
ţ᲻Ҫʵ֮Ż֪ɣĽҲǲֻûаæﵹæ
ܽϣŵڳʮˣæԼơ
ǱʾҲ̶ֳֻȣʱֻܽʵˡ
ܽϣЩϵʧӿǾ
ᡣ
ݴͷ仰ҲӶظ
Ը⡣
ǻŬġ
뽻ǰɡ
ܽϣƵϸ۾
ܺãôڿʼСӳ
˸߾֡
ม
˵ȻСӣҪѡСӳУҪѡһСӳĸ
˱˴ӡ
Ҫѡ˭أ
ŵ˿ѯʸų
ţ
ܽϣ΢˼һ£ƺܿнˣѸ̧ͷһۣȻƽ˵
ҲָɣԼѡӳɡ
ס
ٶȱ˴ӣ漴Ӳ飺
С㡣
ǾͨݶݷļӲʱǡô
ⲻ
Ҳ޳ɣҲնݵĸϲˡ
һҪöݵġ
ҲͶ޳һƱ
ȻѾݱ־棬ŵ˿ŵȵҲˡ
ˣǶݵĻҲûϵԼǾüӲȽΡ
ŵ˿뷨Ҳʾ޳ɣ˵ܿͳһˡ
Ӳ˶ܽϣ˵
ƼС㵣Сӳʾ
һͨľ飬Ǿûˣ׼
ܽϣþ
Ҳ˵ݡŵū˹βСӵСӳ
ǵƵվ
Сҽְλǡ
ʲô𣿡
ӳĲܸһ𣿡
ΪʲôֲǺܺ𣬲СӳֽڰʿŹʷһҳรСӳؼͣСӳ
ǵġ
¶ĵı飬ҡҡͷ
СӵСӳݡŵū˹ָʾ
ˣݡ
õġ
ôСӳĸָɡ
ףСָ
ûҪѡ˭
ţȻ
Ͳÿǣ
СҪӲΣΣ
ţҾӦûɡ
ܽϣŽͶӲ
ԣӲСӳĸˡ
Ӳվ
ǸС㣬Ŀ𣿡
ǱСָģѵʲô𣬼Ӳ
ûܽϣС㣬ܹ㲻Ҫô˵𣿡
˵ЦΧ
ʲô˼أӲ
ܽϣŽ۾гµ״żӲȻ¶Цݣȴ൱¡
ܽϣԡƿļӲش
ûʲô˼⡣
ܽϣŷɱЦ˳
ĺܲСӳԼСӳӲڴ
ȻӲ֪ڴʲôȻѳɶ֣ȫԸ
ˣȻͰʿŵ׷ǰɡ
ܽϣŲŸ˵꣬˵˲
ǿõ𣡣
̲סҪվģܽϣ¶Ц
侲һ㡣
ǡ
ֻǶݣǼӲšٰ򣬻ŵ˿ŵȵ¡ޱϯţҮڴܽϣš
ʿŵطŮǵ㽡ϣҶԼҫ׵ӲÿŬڣ֪ԼڿԴѾõף˲ֻе˷ܣҲ൱ж
ǵģоһȺĸֶ԰
Ϊ
ҲǵȻİɣ
Ӳ뼧˴ӡ
ʿŵԭǳΪʽԱ֮Ż˷ĶȻڼϰ׶ΣѾҪԱݽˣӦҪϰף˵ûɣ
ܽϣʾ⡣
ǰǰ˵Ҳǡ
ȻѾԼٶذϣݵȴǰҡΣóѾȲҪˡ
ŷŵǰţٵһ°ɣײߵġ
ǵģ֪ˡ
ţش̹ʡҪôֱĻҲࡡ
ɡԲҪѱСݳƽǺֱܲʺܽϣС㣡
ѽ˵ƽһֱǸֱĹԺأݣ
ǵġ
¶޿κεı鿪ʼ̾
۸СôܽϣС㣡
ǰġ
ݵļ˲ʱ
Цġ
ȻܽϣЦ˵仰ӲǰһС˵
˵ġ
Ӧİɣ
ͷβġ
ܽϣ֡
Ȱһԣλעһ顣
˻ָı鿴ܽϣš
Ȼף˶ΪʿԱԷʶǣֻҪǵģҲжǡʿŵԱλģŬΪһϸʿԱ˰ɣ
Ӳ˵ͷ
ܺãôŷŵ㰲Űɡ
õģܽϣС㡣
ŷŵվ
ôλɡ
˸ƮƮ߳칫ҵŷŵſȥʱܽϣǵ׷һ仰
֮ٻһˣҿǵӢ˰ɡ
תش
ǣ

9

ڶ죬СϿʼʽִ
ŷŵľѲ߷ֶӵĸСӣʧԱĵӸĶ֧ȺΧСΪλɢж
ĲСҲΪС֮һж

¡ɵءѽ

1

ʵ£밮ɭ
˾Ѱʲôһ߱ԣǵȷѰҶҵʧٵԱ˼˿
밮ͷʽͷװǴƤƵĳѥǰʿŵʽװ˼ʹֻиǲͷİʽͷҲһһö䡣
˴͸ɲЩ̫һûиɲ׾ϸ仰˵Ʒ
˵ˣҲɲױȽϵĽһַǳĺʹһԱʹõף۸ҲƵͨװ࣬ͬܽϣ˵ģΪԱ׼Ƶ׾һ൱ɹ۵ĿϡƽشЩװԿʿŵĲʵ
ܴĿͼµֶӶԱÿŬѪᾧȻЩĻ󹦳Ŭƽǿģʿͷȷֶ֪ҪԵˣֻܽϣΪ׵ļˣҪû֪ǵҪԣͲܳΪ֯߸ɲԣȻ֪ôΪģʱַʱ鵽ֶӹݵļӲ˵൱ˡ
ʱ򲦿Ӳݻ֦ȥʱҪν·밮ɭǰ
Ϊ˱ӲݡҶ֦˵Ƥ׵´ǳ·ȻȹڵĳֻϥǣڴŹϥĳѥû⡣
ĿĲս˰ҲûбǸϤľϻ
ʵӦ˵׾ͺѱǸľϻˡ
ŵðݱŦ׼һµĺˣš
ʧٵ˼˿ڵӡڵʱҲʧٵʱפ⸽ĳ֧ݣжҲԵӸĶ֧ȺܱΪĽš
˼˿ǰǰ֧ΧļӪկѲ֮Ҳûлˡ
Ȼ˵ӪկֻһԼªľդΧľ콨ƽʱֻмԱפͷǹģСӪկפءʵֻɸڼֿѡ
˼˿ᶨʱǰЩӪկѲ߹
Ȼ۹˶ã˶ûгκεӪկǰ棬ǰδе״ĳӪկԱÿɶ֪֧ͨݣȷѲߵ;оʧȥѶˡ
ӵȻѰˡ
Ȼ״пһΪ޷жѲŻ͵ӪԱ˵Ѳ·һȦȴûзκ
Ϊ˿ʼš
Ǿʲô¼𣿻ǡˣȻƽоֹΪ뿪ʿţݵĽǳ߳չսɱĿԼ΢΢
ӵĲӳ˿ڱӵͬʱҲǲԱǰ֪ͨ
Ƿǰ顣
ڸеնܽϣžʽѲ߶ӣڽǲŷŵµĶԱչ

2

ڳʱ⣬·ֳӦòѲ·̫Զŷŵ׷˵н·ߣҪķΧСȻҪ׷н·߶һ˶ԿܷǳѣȻΪȻʿŷŵȴõ
ŷŵѲ·ǰʱʱڸĳֶĳֶ󣬻ĳֶݸѶϢӲȻ֪ʲôڸʲô˵ԴȻʿݽƲ⡣
ŷŵľٶ϶ɭľ˵䡣
ߺͣŷŵʱ˵ĳЩ飬ʱû˵ĿռʱԻ㱵ıһǲ֪·ˣֻɷӰɡ
ȻһȻʿʲôӡӵ츳ܵͷҲΪ
޶ΧŷŵġƺܿͳЧˡ
ڸ뿪֧ݵʱкüشˣھĳص֮󣬾ȫûյǵĻظˡ
ŷŵĿĵص㣬ȻҪеӳԱϡ
ԣţ
ԴӵѡӣԼԼľѲ߶ӶԱŷŵȻе˵
ߵʱٻΧ֮ɡ
Ȼ˵򶨣ӲΪΧ̫ˣѾѷ֧ݵΪֹķΧųΧ֮⣬Ҳһ㡣
ŷŵʵӺ󣬾صηɢѵĳԱʮһֳ飬Ѳ·ܱ߽صʽھѲ߶ӵĸСӣѲ·ߵԼСԼСǸѲ·ߵҲࡣ
յʲôµϢ֪ͨҵġõģô
ŷŵ֣žžЩûиɾ
ʼ
СԼѲ߶ӵͬʱɢɭ֡

3

ĲСΪһ飬ڸе̺ʽ
ľѲСΪһӣСһʮˣֻҪΪһ飬ͿͬʱصˣڷԷʽɶָġ
ޱϯŵ˿ŵȵ½á밮šӲҮԼԼٰ顣
ûиҮͬһ飬ΪҪҮԼߣ᲻ذ齻ΪԼһ£ҮһֱֻΪĻĽŻһЩԴ״ΪһСӳжʵȷ
ȻΪȷжϣǼӲҪӦλʮֵּҮӲеǳš
ڱѰе˿˵ĽŲȻرûأ밮Ҳʱܣɭͷǰ
ʱѾ磬ǴʼģѾķ֮һ졪ҲСʱȻĿǰûдκСҵϢ
ʲôûء
ָⲦӲݵļòε˵껰ű̧ͷͶԹߡ
һҡĻʲô״ӦÿϷֵġ
ΪʲôûУοֻҪŷŵСڣ󲿷ݵ鶼ɣ
ñ鶼ǻġ˵Ȼʿʹʱĵľǳ޷ġ۾ңپҲ̫ྫɣ
ô˵û
¶Щı飬ˮ
ף
ôˣ
ûˮˡ
Ѿˣ˵Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ɵͷ롣
кô𣿡
Ȼûˮˣһȹİɣ˵ﵹˣ
ӦǺȵİɣ
ȻǺȵİˣС
̫ˣ׷ม
Żعͷ׺ݵż
Ҳ˵ͻ׷𣿡
ȴ˵ڡ

Լɾˣ˲ָˣ̫ˡ
ɡǰ̫ܻӭǺ鷳ˣûа취ڰʿˡ²ŻԶԡ
ſż۾𽥷ס
Լô˵ʱѵоܿ𣿡
һ㡣
ñӺһȻ󳯼֡
ˣǰ߰ɣҪġ
õĺõģ֪
ڰҪʱ򣬼Ȼס
һ£š
ת
ôˣ
º̫ˮˣҪȥСһ¡
ŷǳ𾪡
ۣŮˣ
ţΪʲôҪºܿͻ΢һûϵɣ
СŲָС˵ǸŮˣΪ治ɫ˵С㡯ۣ
촽
ȻҪô˵С㲻С𡫡
ʱӦ˵ȥժ仨һŮеĽ
̲סһЦ˳
̫˰ɡ
ֵ㣡
ôһ𣬼һӡ
ۣ£˵һΣҪȥժ仨һ°ɡ
һ㣬ǵġ
ţƺ׼װµȹڡ
ŵġ
㡭Ҫ
ף𣿡
ž֣Ȼʳֱָָ
Ҫڱǰ飡
ΪʲôŮģʲôϵ
ѵ㲻᲻˼𣡣
£ᡣ
̲ס϶š
ͼͼ̫ͼˣ
ΪʲôǴҶ𡫡
ȻҶУû˻ڱ˵ǰŮģҪĻȥСĵطԼ
ش󺰣ؾ֡
ִҪСһϵһʱų׻
æſץȹڵ
ۣ֪ˣǵġ
ȷΧĵΡ
ϵƽб£ұµĶб£ҪſĵطǾֻˡ
վбԱ¹۲졣
ĵǸVεСɽȣȵ׵·ءԼװ룬ɽȵһͷҲһϵĶ£ɽȵĿȴ嵽·أǿֱȥľ롣
͵͵תԷ
ʲô£
ŲС͵ĻǳڽȽϺร
󱿵
źȻ̽żȥ
ۣ
ǧһֱ֮̽سȥ̽һɽȵϡ
Σաô찡
ҲûеΪĲǼľͻᱻˣĶ̽ȿ׼ȷ
㻹ˣ
֪ʱŵ˫ָѾԼİѶ̽治ǰţȻħʿȻ̶ֳȵľ
ţİ
æб¡
ܿǰľɽ»ɽȵײ֮б£ȷϰŲûи׷
ǵģҪôɣ
޿κεҡҡͷתͷ쿴ΧȻ˵ǹȵףʵûкӴֻɢڳʪϵҶ֦ΪղȵףԼʹǰɺ
šΪһŮҪȽϺأ
ֹȵǰĵиܴİݡ
ȻҪɣ
ҵĶȥǺۼģҰ޻ھ档
ţ
ȳļϲ״ˣ΢ӿŲ
ǡ
ڹĵ¶ĳ
˵ġ
վڰԱߵļͷĬĬؿ
϶ûǲˣӦǱҰҧġ
ָ
ھĵ¶ָ
Ȼָӵ¶ôµȻǡ
̧ͷбϷ󺰣
ιţ
ͷ˷ǳĲ鲻ԸӦ
ʲô㻹Ҫð֮
ҵˣ
ҵʲô
ŴбԱ̽ͷǳ
֮Ͽ
Ӽıİţ˳б³
ôˣ
ִȵ׵İ¶ı򼧶
㿴
ָŵϵĳطָķȥ
ס
ӵ¶Ķ񱻿йָ⡣
һ¡ѵǡ
ʧȥļԲκθ˵
ţһʧٵԱɡ

4

ֳܻȥݱ档
ӵĶǲҮٰӦڸŷŵر״ͬʱŵ˿ŵȵ½øŰŻصֳΪάֳԼȷǰֳ·ߡ
ҮٰǱߵ֪Ϣ֮ŷŵɴ֪ͨӵԼѲ߶ӵСӣԼָӵľѲСӣݲСӵԱֳŷŵŵ˿ŵȵ½õӭӼȵס
˲ãӵԼѲ߶ӵСҲֳִʹطܵϮķѰɧţƽ˽ӽԭխȵףֱԼ·һӵֻҡ
ŷŵŬƽϢӵĻңҰ˳
ȻѾʼû޷ʶĵز˵ӵĶԱȷ˵ݡ
ҵȷǵӵĶԱʧķ˼˿סά
ӳԱԵվԭأעȫͬ顣
ŷŵΪλӢŵԱĬ
ŷŵվǲ֪ͨλڷ֧ݵĵӲӳ˿Լλǵܽϣš
ӵϢܽϣλǵһѲСӡ𲹸ֶбȽпյСӡмȷֶӵСӵֳִʱӶӳ˿ҲѾϵֳˡ
ȵױԽԽӵֳ޷״
ֵڼȷֶӽм򵥵ļ֮󣬾ͻȥˡ
ܽϣղЭŷŵ˿
õˣܽϣС㡣
ȷû𣡣
˿¶ʹıͷһλƤ΢ڣĸǿ˾ӡŮԡ
ǵģȷǶķ˼˿
أ
θŷŵѹش
Ǳдɱģ״£һ뵽п϶ǽˡ
ܽϣ΢һüͷȻŷŵ˿
ôһˣأ
ŷŵش
Ŀǰûҵ
ʹˡҲ𣿡
ݵĽʿܳ
ȻҲݣͱʾ
˵ֻվȻܽϣô룬ϾΪĿ̫ˣȫûд򶷵ĺۼ⸽ʧ֮Ǿй㷶ΧȻȴҲսĺۼݲ壬ܹνĻһ״£ԷҲȫˣô״أ
ܽϣж˼
ڻ۵ʱҪӦõҵ֮˵
ܽϣ̾˿һΧ׷µԱǣȻŷŵ˿
ĿǰڳľѲ߶ӣеӵĶԱڸҪ׵顣ֻǹݵҪȷûκδ򶷵ĺۼ
ŷŵ˿֮󣬾תұ߿첽뿪֪ΪΣܾŷŵĶƺƽࡣ
λֳѲСӡӵӣԼ˿ӵӴСӣʼڸм
ΪҵһʱܲȡӦʩȷֶܽϣһֳֶӵСֳı¼
ڼӲ˱ֳܽϣűǷʱ״

5

ܽϣᷢʣ
ţԭˡҵȫֻǸɺ𣿡
΢ĹȵףܽϣһֱעӼ˵עӣ˵ڵ˻ȽϺʡʹЩ޷мܽϣʩӵٶʱ״
ǵģֻһɺϡȵǸɺϣҰڿǸɺϣ쳣ҲɺϡҪûЩɺϣӦþûа취ˡʱ¿бڹĲȻۼЩ߹ȥ鿴Ϳ¶ɰ׹ǵָȻô˵ʱһָؽѾˡȻ֪ҰڿģָֻԵͷӦòǴ͵Ұޡ
ţɺϡɺϣټɺϰҲ˵ԭӦûŷֵġô°ɣ
ǵģ϶ˡ
˵ղŵ˵ȥȵ׺ǵԤжΪĳЩͻ¼
¶˵ʹı飬Ұƿ
ܽϣǰֳηη̬ȣֱǰĳЩ˵飬ֲĵ뷨¶ı£ڸֱʵļԣѧҲ϶ѧġ
ӦС
ʱΪʲôҪ
Ϊ
ܽϣŽǰƽż۾
ɱ˰ǰʿŵԱĳɱˣǱҷ¼ಢҳ֡
ǡǵģµȻ֪š
ôӦóʵ˵ʱԼ飬ǷܹΪжϡ
ͷ絷ļ΢ƿһһ˵ʱһж
żܽϣŵüëһüơ۾ԽԽϸ۾Բɵֱֻ׶ˡ
͵͵ܽϣŵıһۣ漴𾪵ӡ
ǡǸΪҡʵ̲סʿӦеġΪǸ
֪Ǻõļֻ岻ϲܽϣŵıĺܿ¡
ʧȥԱʸ𣡣Լϰʿݱ𣡣ѵ³ǵܽϣСɱ
ĺܱǸ
˫һڵϣͶأOTZſܽϣŵǰ
ʲô¶ԸܣǧҪ¸ϳȥ
ۡ
ͷŵļϷܽϣſЦ
ף
ͷ΢΢̧͵ܽϣţֻŸЦͣĸų
ףףף
޷ⷢʲôļĿɿڴؾֹΧкԱȫһתͷȻԺµı鿴ŹЦĸųӲҲ֪ʲô飬ֻ¶ֵĵı鿴ܽϣ뼧ֻ֪ԭİ޿κεʼҡҡͷ
ܽϣŲΧߣЦŵ˻֡
ûû£Ҽɡ
ԱܼάֳĹԼܵĵˡ
ҵ찡ǡ
ܽϣֱȥиᣬڶЦ

ǣкηԸ
ľʵ̫ˡ
Ȼſڵϵļ̧ͷܽϣţȫ֪ܽϣǿԼĸݣŻ˵̫ˡ
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ˣ֮
˼
Ȼ֪ܽϣҪ˵ʲôٲᱻʿˣΪ˰˵ļ˷żһѸվ
ֻ㡣ǼӲǶݣĲҲǣֻҪľͲˡ
Ŀ佱±й١
ţԣҲ֪ǲڳǡ
ܽϣڻָı飬վڸһξĵطļӲ֣ԶΪף߽
ܽϣС㣿
СʱҵָӰɡ
ɸųָӣ
ţûȵٸŷŵ֪һ
һ£ô
ʲô𣿡
С㲢ǲ
ػش֮󣬶ٶ¶ĵı顣
ĿӦǲ˵ɣ
ʹҲνϾصĽ״֮ǱҪ¼࣬ץɱԱ֣ϣǿ԰æ
ݴصͷ
æĻǷǳ⡣
Ҳͬ뷨
ţôҲһڷֳΧֻҪм۾ͿҵһЩ֮ǰûע
֪ˡ
ֱֽȻĴָԼؿڣҲͬĶ
ǾͿʼɣ֮ǰڸں¼￴أзأϡ

ĿŲСӵĳԱ뿪ʱıӰܽϣһ
ΪʲôֲõԤУӲֻһʿųԱĵ¼ѡϣҵԤв桭
ʱȻһ紵ܽϣŵͷҵͷա
ΪʲôԤǻء
Vɽȵ¿ϸֳղ֪ʱѾصİɫƲ㸲ǣ̫Ʋסʹܱø
ֲĻ谵ɫڰʾŰʿżٵѡ

6

ƻ֮󣬽ĲӳԱ֮ȫǻǷ֧ݣæŴԼΪжϵĹ
صǵܽϣ׼ٿɲ飬ûʱӲ˺úۡ
ҹʼеĽɲһֱûнܽϣŷŵҲûлӲȲСӵĳԱֻܽϣŵİ칫ҵȴ칫ҵ˻
ûرʲô飬ֻڰƾʱţ˶ȡͷװϡ
ܽϣŰ칫ԱߵٻڽԼĹԷԵûд˵ԭһֱȴѾҪ͵ļˡסǷתͷ칫ҵڣḡ˵
ܽϣСŷŵСá黹ûн𣿡
ȷӲҲôΪ
ʿԱˣڿ˵ԼͥԺĵطȻһٲ޿ɱڸɲ飬ԼӦû˸ɡ
ʹˡǺ̫ˡ
ٿǾܸɵĸųܽϣţҽҲֳָӣǽķǾսжӦöԼ򵥵ۡ
΢еļӲŷŵСΣȻƺûôΪֻǷǳϵ˵
Ͼ״Ҳûа취İɣ
¶ıͷ
ˣô˵Ҳԡ
ȻԱˡ
ŵ˿˵仰ŵȵ̲סǰ㣬Ҷ¼ֻҪһͻ̰ȫԭٵ̬ƺҲ׵Ժˡ
㣬û˭µ֣
˫Ľʼ硣
ô֪
Ȼǿ֮𣿡
ŵ˿˼ԡ
屻ĵطʿͳε򣬺οǷ֧ݵĸ־㲻֣Ҳھ̫Զĵطǿ״İɣ
ô˵ûûпǿ·˽Сıײأ
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Ҫһʿû֮ǰͽɱӦҪܶ˰ɣҪôǿأôܲᱻ֡
šǰɡֻһǿҲðʿô
ûοݵĽ˵ʿͷָġ
ŵȵ½ż˵
ֻӦһ˲ܻģһǿսԷӦҲкܶ˱򵹰ɣûнսĺۼҲûκǿʬ塣
ŵȵµⷬ۸ܽϣֳʱ뷨һ¡
ŵ˿ߵļӲ
ôӲΪأ
Ӳȵ̧ͷƺ˼С
ھʲôֻ
¼˭Ҳȫûͷһ顣
ʲô飿
ŵ˿ŵȵ¡ԼޱϯվӲߣ밮Ҳſ
ڼӲԱߵٰҲԼİ΢˾ΧסӲһһԲΡ
ȻݸҮΪǻ
ǸΧңҺѿڵġ
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ŵ˿Ĵߴ֮£Ӳ̾
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밮šŵ˿ŵȵ¡ޱϯԲȦͷĶҲ¶ı鿴żӲ
ʲô˼Ȼһ˱ɱˣһӦҲ˰ɣ
ԴʣӲͷ
ǵģΪһҲѾĿԺܸߡΪˣҲŻΪʲôֻһˡ仰˵˶ˣһ˵Ӧûͬһط
΢ͷ
ԭԭˡ
벻ֿһطɣȻһѲߵģʱӦҲһɣ
漴ŵ˿
ݵıƺ᲻ֻվˣ
վĻһصݰɣȻҲӪկŶԡ
ûŵ˿¶ԳЦݡ
ô˵Ҳǡ
̲סҲ˼Ӳ˵ۡ
һ˵һȻˣȴ·ٶȱץӦҲĿ԰ɣ
ǵģҾСǾ塭ûʲôֿļ󣬼ֱ˵˲ȷ屻ҵķ˼˿ǶһʿָĽʿ˵սȷʵвࡣǿôַɱ˼˿֣пܵ𣿡
ϸ۾
ԣӲʲô
Ӳе˼Ƶ컨壬˵
ΪĿ֡
ƻߵļӲŸˣ漴˾һϰǰ㣬κ鶼ĮĵҮҲԼӲ˵ⷬȤİλѾȸղŸӲˡ
һֿԣͬʱϮҵɱһ˵屻ߣֻһ˱Ǹط
Ӳ΢ͣһ¡
һֿǡȻͬʱϮֻһ˱ɱһǱ׽Ǻ˻˾Ͳö֮ˡ
ͬʱϮˣôֶδɱ˼˿֣ʹݵĽôΪʲôûнɱأû֪ǳɹߣ;б׷ϲɱȻΣ뵽˼˿޵ֿͱɱַʵʹֲ̫Ծĸо
ϮɹȴûаĻ
ӲſУ˼ʲôƵ˵š
Ļ
ʹֻĳɣû취һǸطΪĳɱ׽ݡ
û⵽ɱǰܵĿԺܸߣȻֽ˼˿ɱֻ°ߵɣǽɱȴûɣӲʵ޷֪
˵ĳʲôɣ
ѯʣӲҲֻܻش
ȫ֪
Ÿ˷׷׵ء
װģôãȴ
ԹӲ漴Ӳæӻ֡
ô˵֪ǲ֪Ͼԭ̫ˡ
ûǼȻĻҲҪװģɣ
Ҫ˵İ
Ӳ¶ĵı鿴ˡ
ˣÿνװģ
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ݻ˻˵
ֻбûзǳеġ
仰Ҫԭⲻͻ㣡
仰һ˵ڣԼӲֻź
ˣһԱߣ;б׷ϲĻ·ĵص㡭ӦҲ̫Զɣ
Ӳָԭеıͷͬ⡣
ǵģΪС˵ûĵصû̫ԶĻҾӦû˻صһĵط
Ҳԡ
ŵȵһ˫֡
ΪҪۣ԰ɣ
ǵģҪڲͬĵط԰ĶأǰᵽͬĵطأҲҪȽַʽɣһ˵ӦñȽɡȷ˵ɱһ˵ĵطбµ棬ֻҪ֮صһڵĵطѵһᵽڶڵؾˣʵϵһصǹȵףԴĵطѵڶ϶Ƚʡ¡
˵ҲǡֻҪһţʬͻԼȵˡ
˵˶¶ı顣
˵û
ŵż
Ͳ˵ίһ㣬һҪôֱ𣿡

˵ļҶ¶޳ɰıԼ
Ǹ
ˣûϵοΪ̫ˣųΪοҵĹؼ
ȵȡҪˣܽϣС㶼ѾЦˡ
亹ļץץԴ
ôܲᡣλС˵ȻͷСǰޣ𣿡
Ůǲ
ô˵˵Ӧ÷һŮ˲Ŷԡ
οϴ֡
һ죬ܵŮǴġ
ͬǴѣɥ󰮷š
֪ˣһж²ԡӽԺһϴ֣Ҳֱڱ˵ǰˣԭ¡
УԲҪС𣿡
Ų֮󣬼Ϳʼٿޡ
ۡ۸¡
̲סǷЦȻӲҲ΢Ц˳Ͼͻָı顣
Ȳܼôݵģ֮ʵϾͬ˵Ҫһ˰ᵽﲢܷѹ򣬿Ǹطֻһ˵塣ֽɱȴɣԼûɱݿ׽һ˵ɡЩҶ벻
ԭˡôһ˵ȷ޷ͻ
ŵ˿˵ͷ
ɻ᲻ǡ
Ƕأ
ô˵ֳϡ
ڼӲʣ˿ʼۣʹܽϣŵİ칫ҺȻ
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ֹͣ۲Ұ֮󣬶˵
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̧ͷżӲ
ΪأӲ
ʧٵ˲ǸɲƺҲûִʲôرҪȽĵطžݵĽܺһ㣬ֶԷǲءһ˵ӦòصȥұȽϮɣ
ûҲԡҲ˵żȻĳ״ĿĳŻɥ˼ɣ
Ӳѹش
Ҳ֪ĳЩ顣
ݵı鲻Щơ
ĳΪ֪ĵطҪɱʿԱڵܰ
¶ӵıʾ֭ʱ򣬼˵
ǸȻӲղôûпܾΪֺܺãԲŻᱻĿأ
ף
Ӳ۾ż
ΪֺܺòűĿ꣡
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Ӳ˼
˸ֻ¶ӵı鿴򼧶
ʲô˼
ŷʣɦɦԴش
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ŵȵ¶Լ֮ⷬԱǡ
ô飡
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¶ȵı鿴칫ڡ
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ܽϣС㻹û״£ǿܻȵɣ
˯˵ţҲ¶ı顣
⡭ôҲʵ̫ˡ
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ܽϣֿ첽߽칫ңѵ¶Щı顣
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һŷŵҲϢػˣǸƽ࣬ղڿʱ϶ֻҪûͲԣһֱλϰɡ
ҲһŰʸҡ
ܽϣź٣ҲüӲ֪λٽˣֻֻǳơ
ٺܿվŷڰ칫һǵİʷܽϣŵǰ
ʱ˲ŵһηȹڷǳ̵Ŀ·˵ʿеϰƼʿŷļһģһɫҲ·һǰɫӦмõİɣȻʿӵƾõĴͳϽƶȣԱ϶Ůƺ̫ƽϡ
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׵ŷŵ΢˸ųһۡ
Ҫô˵Ҳȼõöࡣ
ļ
ȼҪûŮԣӦҲˡ
ŷŵ˵仰ʹüز
ܽϣЦϣպ׵ŷŵҲܽϣŵԱߡ
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˼Ҫȥݲ裬û˿԰æģ
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ҮݣѯԼǲӦҪȥ΢΢ͷʾҮҲվ
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뿪칫֮󣬰ݵİ˸˶עܽϣţ΢ϢܽϣŲ˵ʱ˻֡
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ڵҮֻӣȻ֮ɳֹϵʿͷͬڼϰҮ񲢷ֻΪһЧ
ͬΪСӵһԱҮбҪȡܽϣŵĽٰۣҲһ
вУҮΪСͬȵλʿԱſԣԼԾҪСһ㡣
ȻҪֱӽۣķʡԼʧܽϣſ˼еĶһۣϾͲ뷨صͷ
ӵд˼ģʽĶݣŵڲᱻߵȹǧ
ܹԼ֮Ĺϵ仯վλ˲ɻȱģ˼ʹϵײ仯޷ʵͿܻᱻ˹
û̵ؽҮΪԼӣһܲࡣݡ
ܽϣĳ޶ݡ
˲ãٰŷ̻ˣҮ˫ָһ۵ʽľ
ܽϣС㡢ŷŵС㡢иλǾõˡ
Ҫǲ񣡣
ʮһ²ۡ
Үܺӣλõм䣬ٰǰװкڲĻӷϡ
˸ӺȲ裬ֻܽϣһ˫űӣƴسڴ
찡ӡÿɰ
ܽϣŵһǰɰľٶʹüӲЩ¶Ȼϵı飬Ӧֻƿݰɡ
ôˣ
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¶ı飬ߴܽϣŵƿ
ҵͷ̣̫ܺȵĶ
֪ܽϣСҲвó飬ñС㰲һ㡣
ƿߵĶݲŸ˵꣬ܽϣžƲǡ
ݣҪŶԣղеķӦ
ݰͷת˻
ʲô˼أ
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̲סƲķػ죺
˵̱˵Ķ๦С㻹ܽϣСһء
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ܽϣЦŲ׼Ȳ裬ֻгһ䣺
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Żŵذѱÿ΢΢ſ³ͷʵڸоųϣŷŵҲôΪɣͬ˵
ܽϣС㣬Ӻû
ܽϣ޿κεɦɦͷ¶Ϊı黷ˡ
ƽǻᱻ
벻Ҫ˵ֻ顣
ٶͬʵںĬ
ˣ֮ȱ˵
ܽϣŰѲ豭ŻϣǷⱭȲˡ
Ҵӽۿʼ˵ɡ
æÿ裬רעؿܽϣš
ε¼ʿŲ̨ϵĶ
˷ȵ
ףĻҲ˵
¶ɵıѯʣ
ֻǲȥһ˵䣬Ҳɱ֣˼ܽϣС㣿
ȥһ˵䣬̨½עĿȻѰֵĻ
ܽϣ̾˿
֮ˡ
Բʣ
Ϊʲô
ܽϣһ֮ػش
֮ε˵ʿһܲҵ¼ЩΪڶⶼҪӦ˵ôΪ˱Ƚ϶ࡣȻû˵ֱӷԣӦû˺٣ֻ֮ˡ
ôȻôҪ֮ʵ̫˰ɣ
˵̨ϰ
ܽϣ԰οݣϵĲ豭
ţӦÿˡ
ܽϣŰʹյڣһȹⱭȵĲ衣
Ҳ˵̨ж𣿡
飬ݡ
𡭡ν̨жҪȡʲôأ
ʱҲҪ㣬ݡ
豭ŻϵܽϣԶʾ⡣
ף
ڶգ۾֪ʱԵļӲڳɵı顣
ѵܽϣС㣬òҪ񽻸ǡɣ
ǳĵܽϣ¶õЦݣ˫ֻ꣬ܵ˵ļſڽǿĶħ
㹻飬Ӳ
ӲʼͷɥǴӰ
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֮ȫվĶʰѯʣ
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Ҫ濴ҡΪ̫ˣ˵ڵͷңоƲࡡ
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ǸҪǡӦ˵ѵѵѵҳһԱԼֵĹҪ𣿡
ǵȻ
ǵȻ𣡣
²ۡ
СӰɣֻСӵĸɣ
ŵ˿ȻҲͬ뷨ֻмӲˣԤϣܽϣҡҡͷ
Ǿ

ھٶ̲סʱֻмӲһ컨塢ز֪˵ʲô϶ܽϣš
üΣþ״̬ȶλϣмƫ·ĽǶȣбܽϣʵ
ܽϣС㣬һ£ֻһ֧νġСӡɣôҪ񽻸ǣöǵĸ̫𣿡
á˵ô׶ı·ңоҪҴࡣݡ
æ¶ЩӲЦݼ˵
ʵڷǳǸ
ûϵ⣬ˡ
ͷĶץסϲ֣ƺƴʲô
ҲǣȻǵԸЩ⡭
ʸô˵𣡣
ٶ²ۡ
ȫû⡣ȻǸҪ񣬲Ӧÿ˳ɰɡ
ⷬӦҪش𱶸й𣿡
˵仰ʱĶݸղŲͬϲɫı飬Ӳϼ䲻ݷز廰
ˣС㣬ΪⷬӦòڳǡ
ף
ΪɲóԲҪǴͷڻҡӦɣܽϣС㣿
ܽϣŴӺͷЦš
ԭ֪Ӳ
ʲô˼
Ȼվַվñֱݺݵܽϣš
ѽѽǵģողѹӦòԸų˵ʱӦе̬Ȱɡ
ŷŵ̵ָ𣬶ݲѹ
ǡǳǸ
ݹԹ˰ϡ
ҪҪ£ҪҪǸŮæµŷŵ֪Ϊ¶ı顣
ܽϣų˻֡
㲻ý⣬ûϵ
ܽϣŻڳʮ˽˵
ֻҪ̨ϻ̨£ɴ಻Ҫ飬Э齻̨½е顣ʵӦ˵ʱҲֻˡ
˱˴졣
ڸɲͷȷΪôŬҲʲôɹ۱ô˵һֱܿǣҺǣม
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Ȼųô˵ˣӲҲֻܵͷ⣬ǲ֪ǸųĻҪɾĿ׻ȻӦǺߣȻܽϣѾ˵ǡֻʮ˶ԣҲֻŬӦųڴˡ
֮ܶҪʿʽǶڶⶼעĿҿ˲Ըֽ飬ϾҪʿźȵȱȽǣųԴƺҲ൱Խ
ϸֳ顣
ʵ޷λѶųջŵı飬Ӧ˵ϣı顣
Ҫ鴫֪ʲôĺЧӦҲ˻ҪһЩЧӦԲ̨ϲȡжǵ鷢ǲСӻڼϰȡʲôжҲֻᱻʵ֮ѵʹ鴫طҲֻᱻΪڽģѵҪģȡжǼϰʿҲʾʿûаε¼úأй©ȥϵľҲ̫ġ
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¶޷ȫͬı΢΢ͷֻǶݣӲԼҲ޷ȫͬ˵
Ŀǰʿٵ״ܽϣŸղ˵һȻһԱһԱʧٵ̬Ӧѵ̫𣿼ӲôΪġ
Ҳ˵ȲǷĲ²⣬ӦиɲΪӦûص¼ɣ
࣬֯ӸΪҪ൱Ȼʹȴһǻԭ
ʿͷ˲ϣ౻ҷĻ
뵽Ӳıøء
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Ȼ㵽֣ʹüӲȵ̧ͷ
Уʲô𣿡
ȻҲ֪ʲôǰ˵Լ뷨ȽϺม
Ӳеľ̶
ȷӲС˵飬ֻʿͷ˰ˣ˵
ҪܽϣСŷŵСѾ¼˭˻ͻˡ
ӲԷǳıܽϣŵͷ
һСĵġ
ţǾͺá
ܽϣɵ˵󣬾ͽߵŷŵ
ԣԼķʽУҲķʽаɡֻǼǵòҪӰ쵽ƽҵ񡣡
ŷŵ治ɫػӦ
ǣ֪ˡ
ӲٴϵŷŵǸ׽ˣĻǹأǿֳ⸱ӣôŷŵӦҲλ൱͵Ĳʿ
ݣҪʲôѣֱŷŵۡ
ǵģ֪ˡ
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˵ĿӾִϰ˵㡣
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ܽϣ֮վ
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ŷŵĴߴ֮վ
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ʮ˸Ե뿪֮ŷŵҲ
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ţˡҲҪˡ
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ܽϣž¶΢ЦվĿͼӲ˵ıӰȥֻԵͷҲ̧ԼĹ
ʮһ뿪֮󣬰칫ҺȻž֣ڵոն֣Щ̫ȻܽϣŶ޷ĳֶļž֮ĳŰ칫ҽӽ
ۡҵҲ𣿡
ܽϣſЦԳһЩչǣ۾ûЦʱٽߴļƿ̧ͷ
ܽϣС㣬Ŀȥ𣿡
ܽϣûлشٵ⣬ߵԼİ칫ԣӵǰˣȻֱ˫ñαϡ
бƵܽϣŽͶ٣ע˵
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΢΢ʼ硣
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ܽϣŵǰʹǡ񶾵ħŮҲаСȻô룬Ȼᵱ²ۣӦ˵첻ֻĬĬܽϣš
˵ʲô𣿡
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𣿡
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ΣһܺõĻᡣҪʿĻֻгˡ
ڼ顭
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ܽϣ̾
̬ĸΪء£ͱȡҵֶΡ
˵Ҳǡ
˻ش٣ϱ鲢Լ˾أΪǸɲҪյ顣
ӦûüٻҲֻҪһֱֻ۾ͺãôһƸӦôأϾ൱ڶû¶β͡
ȥ꿪ʼܽϣžŷŵеʿڲȻûĳɹܽϣΪⲢǳŷŵǶԷ̫ƻˡ
ŻЩǳϾǲīسɹ桢ᱻȶĹ淶Щ³çȴľ˵ǻ᲻СĳȵǸڼĺβͣܽϣŶǱЩ
ֻη˼˿¼ܽϣŲ֪ڼĴʲôĹëȻ
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ܽϣΪֻҪʵĴãͿʿܵĴᣬȻҪǼ֮ͲһֱֻۿµģҪֽȫ³ʿŽ޷
һֱֻۡ
ʹܽϣţҲûյԡ

7

ʮһϡ
סλڳǱɽһߣɽڵĶͷվɽɽʽĳǱס͵λɽĵصףȻֻͨ粻ĺôڣǾﶬůںʱʡֻӲǻûɹ죬ԸܲЩ
ͨסͨ·ϣӲҪȷԼƵطŲҡҡλŷŵǰ
ŷŵС㡣
ôˡ
ĻԸһ𣿡
ʲô顫
ϵĻ飬Ҫ۵ô𣿡
ţ˵۵ĻȷʵСԡҪ˵ĻӦ˵һֱû۱Ƚȷ
ûۣ
ûղžᵽ޳ܽϣСҲûǿҷԡʱѶСͨܽϣСþų˿Ҳǲ֪롣
ų֪룿
ǰҲЩ⣬ոô˵·ܽϣСԽֱҪ飬Խ˻ķĸоӦ˵ͷһ޷ӵհɡ
⡣
ף𣿡
ǵģΪܽϣСĻӦû᲻ϧκֶԼͨ
ûรң鲻ҪܽϣСǰ˵ȽϺá
ţȻˡ
ŷŵЦ˳
ȻģΪųκΪѣܽϣСҲȥʹܽϣС㣬Ҳκ鶼ܻųͬġ
ǡ𣿡
ϵôҲǵš
ᣬǲ顣
ϵôˣҲֻǰɡ
λҲǺޱԹعǰ칫ԱߵֵңҲоѲ߶ӵڴɣ
Ͼ˾һͬģֵĶԱΪҸܽϣСҪ˵鲻㱻뿪ȥϢˡ
ף
Ӳɵͣ½Ų
ôˡ
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˵ǷڼӲԺѡ
ݾΪֺܺãԲŻᱻĿꡣʱô˵ġ
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ǡ

һ
ԷҪʿָĽ
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ΪҪ飬ֵҵĶԱȥϢˡ
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˼ֵҹԱ֮⣬ʱ伸Աˡ
ܽϣŵİ칫ΧĿǰֻˡ
ˣ⣡
ֻĻû⣬ȻҪʧٵ¼һƲ⡭
ѵ
ӲȻһתԾ˵Ƴղķȥ
Ӳ
ŷŵ¶ȵı󺰡
Ӳûлͷ
ҪȥܽϣСǱߣ
ػǰľŸ˷׷¶ıתͷ
ʲʲô飿ӲǼһôˣ
Բıѯŷŵ
ʵҲôˡ
ŷŵı𽥸ı䡣

ŷŵ˼̲סһ
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ŷŵȻس壬ڼӲŸղ߹·ȫٱܣٶȿ쵽κ˶޷ǸŷŵȻôĽų̡
ת֮䣬ŷŵͨתǿӰˡ
ԭصľŸȫ֪ʲô飬Ȼ֪飬ֻ֪һ£ǾƺĳַǱѰ
˷׷׷˿ʼܡ
ų̱ȽϿļϾܵǰˡ
˵ҪصܽϣСİ칫Ұɣ
Ĵ󺰣ĶҲӦ
ǰ
Ӧòǡʲôɣ
ֻöһٺúɣ
˴Խͨ׷Ѿ˲ϱܡ

¡ֲָժ

1

ӲԽͨסͨ·ڽƴš
ͨܽϣŰ칫ҵϡתһתǵ˲䣬Ӳ֪ԼƲȷġ
칫ﴫڽмҶϢҲа
ܽϣС㣡
칫֮˵ӰӳӲһڻŽһԷĹ
Ǹܽϣţڻӽ׷ˡ
Ȼ
ȻӲûеڽʱ˵ĻüΣȫʧȥѪɫɫ԰׻ŽˣɾʧٵԱݡ
һ׾ȫûκεı飬üëҲԲ֪ƣ۵Ķ׷ɱܽϣţֱһɵĻеżȣŲݵħݱŦࡣ
ǰôǻŵģȻǻŵġ
Ҳ˵Ѿˣ
Ӳеһ󷢺
ÿݻӳ˺ѿ𣬷ѹԽ칫վڵļӲȹڣǻʿָĽһϬ
ɢŰӵĲк̨ļƬýİɣҵϲֻЩһڵϣȾѪذϵǸǡ
⿴Ӳܽϣţƺ൱ݡ
Ӳͽˣ
ܽϣСأ
ȰѰߣ
ǡ
㣡
ǣ
Ӳץ׼ʱŵӳ칫ʱΪ赲ܽϣӵһ߶ƶǰ˼Ӳһܵٵµĵط
ӲȫѪڵϵԣѸټơ
ҼһִĴˣѾ˵ιˣҺûˣȻֽҲкܶطУûɼǵˣֻǳѪ̫ˣҪǲϿмȣʧѪΣա
Ϊȡ˾ߵʱ䣬ٴǿ봳ݶŰɡ
ȻûгɹȻ⵽Ϯܽϣ֮ԿԺ˵ܶԷĹΪгжλƽȫ۵ϸܵѹԵĴڸԼǿҵҳģӲǳж
ӲγĽѸٸԼȹǡ
ðɣ
΢΢۾
Ӳ
ΪѪ࣬ɫʮֲ԰ס
ӲԸµȹǽסٵļȻܳȥ
ܽϣȻڽ׷ս
λܽϣŶֻһֱ޴ӷʹüӲ൱⣬뵽ԭһħʿĻܳݽԭˣҪխķԷûа취ȡӽĵʱġ
ܽϣԼһܵȫϵ͵ϮʹˣԽʿָݣܽϣŻǿԳܿĹ൱ݵĽ񶼻ֻܿпѡ
Ȼ־滹Գأ
Ѿˡǲƣ͵ģһ棬ܽϣӵг˰ҲΪƣͶóٶۣôһݾͿԺ׷ܽϣţǵģԶݶԣֻעⲻҪܽϣӳ䣬׷սͿˡ
Ҫ취
Ӳ칫ҵڣʱ򣬴ﴫ˽ŲӲһ߳ſڣͿŷŵ칫
Ӳ
ŷŵһһ߸ߺ˸Ƶؼٳ
پ鷳ˣ
Ӳֻ˵仰Žٶȳڡ
򱳶ܵܽϣŻӳеĽܽϣǧһ֮ڷϵĹ鼮ͷ·ܲ˿رƣһһϣĿһĻļӲɵŭա
Ӳֱֱݵȥ˫סĽֱָǰҪȫײݡ
ϵװʧٵʱһ仰˵װŰʽͷͨĻӿпֱܻӱ׵˼Ӳ׼֮ķ϶ͻ̡
ȻعԼӲĽη壬άԭеƣֻǾ֡

ӲĽ̴ݵϱۣݽȥĽͣڿҪ̴ֱ۵ĵط޷
ˡ
Ӳԡ
˫ûͫ׵İ۾Ȼǻ˻еġ
˼Ӳȷˡ
ˣ˼˿һˡ
Ȼ֪ôߵģûи˼˿һԭѾԶ׼
ΪҪĽɱĳַɴ̿ͣȻ͵ܽϣŵǰ
ʱӲܽϣŵŭ
Ӳӡ
һ˲䣬ݻӳý֣һѸ٣Ӳղŵͻ̶˵·Ӷһûио
Ӳ˲жϣſеĽԡڵ϶㿪ݵĹݵĽӹղżӲͷڵĿռ䣬һǿķѹϮӲ壬ͬʱӲҲһɢڵϡ
һˣҪǳһ㣬ԴҪֿˣ
ӲڵϹţȫ֮Ѹվڳţʱð亹
Ӳٰȡһʱɡ
ܽϣŵ
Կ
վܽϣſʼӽģϸ΢ӽ˼ӲĶС
Գ커ΪаʽΪڴ˴ǻĹ»갡ֻ̤֮ոµδƼӣϲ̤֮ϻȪ·ǻع飬ع顭
ڼӲ֧֣ܽϣȡӽĵʱˡ
仰˵ӲֻҪȡʱܽϣӽˡƺҪӽһӡ
ʹӲħʿҲֱжϣܽϣӽħҪ൱ʱ䡣
ôôȡЩʱأ
صڶѾˣȻʹúῳͻݶ޷ˣнҲ޷ԿοӲĽĿǰݵֱϡ
Ȼ
绬ĶӽӲûб¡ҪˣֻҪȡܽϣŵָӦ˵ôӵġ
ȻĻ
ֻҪעҵϣ׷ҾͿˡ
λܽϣҲеľԷĹϣԶûýļӲԣҲиһıˡ
ӲעŲҪɢڵϵĸƵ鼮ʼεƬļ̨֮ĶӰԼĲԷһľڵӴܡ
ʹݵĽû˥ˣվǰ˼Ӳᱻƽڵǡ
ʱԮڡ
û°ɣӲ

ŬˣӲѾԷˣھͽǰɣ
С㣡
ֻǼݣٰŵ˿ŵȵ½Ҳڡ
Ȱ
Ľ߸
ķݵ࣬ݱݺ߷ɡ
ȥײܣҲ˷ſеĽײʱǿһʹðϵ鼮ѩݵϡ
Ӳ״̲ס󺰣
ҪŪ
Ȼ˵Ȼ޷顣
ݲ鱾վҾγӲֱϵĽ
ۣûЧ𣡣
൱ȡ
ǵģѾˣһĹǴ򲻵ģֻȡʱѣ
ӲĽͣŽĶߵǰ
Ǿֹжɡ
һ˵꣬ͰеĽݡ
ûֻǷſڼӲϵ֣ȻŷɹĽ֡
ݵĽᴩݵϱۡ
԰ǵ۾Ų˫ϵѽ漴ְγֵĽְγֵĽȻٶӲš
ף
¶֪ı顣
ιô˰
ָŶݡ
ɡǡ
˺󣡡
ҪѼݼ棬λŵ˿ŵȵߵǰͬʱѽݣٰҮޱϯҲ˽
ѽƫУݵֽ븹ʹûͣ϶
嵽ŽҡҡλεǰļҰסޱ飬ûκһѪ
Ժİ۾ӼӲˣ漴̲סС
ڿֲģʹһһˡ
Ƕ˺ɡ
ܽϣŵʹþתȥ
ܽϣС㣡
Ҫꡣ
Ӳ˲ܽϣŵ˫΢΢⡣
ܽϣŵӽƺڽ׶Ρ
ȼմɣ֮֮꣬ԣ֮ף֮ţʥŮػ£Դ֮վһаɡ
λ뿪
ŷŵӰ칫ҵ̽ͷżӲƵƵ֡
㣬㣡
Ӳͬʱڳˡ
ʶ͡ݿŵ׸Сᡤţ
ܽϣŶػŮݺƣ漴޴ĳڳҫ۵Ĺߡ
ܽϣŵĸֳССĹ򣬲һ˲伱ͣʺĻ·ҪջһеĶس칫ңǰ칫ӡ鼮ذ塢컨Լǽڣж𽥱ۻ
Ҳ⡣
Ψһ⣬ֻڰŮػ£ֱͦͦվڰ칫ݵܽϣš
ʹ໺ֽţӦʹ࣬ǶȴŵŻ֮
ãݵƤͷܽ⡢ģڱȫˣֻ壬Է䷨Ҳܽϣʹħֻƻ壬޷ģʧȥҪ˿пܻữΪǻ
ŰĻȻƽϢˡ
ûκζʯƵĵذ塢ǽԼ컨Ҳղŵĸ۽⣬ֻܽϣһǵһҲվ롣
ܽϣС㣡
ӲŷŵǴ̽ͷ׼߽칫ҵʱܽϣſ˵
ҪȻǵҲܵӰ졣
ͣ½ŲܽϣŻת
ܽϣŵıҪ޳ƵޱȰˣŷŵҲǵһο¶ŵĸų
ôһյһҪˡ
еҲ̺Ű˵С
Ӳ˵ֻԭء
ţллңӲ
ܽϣڻָһ΢Ц飬߽ˡ
һֱάָղŵ״ҳҲΣյġӲΪʲô֪ݻ͵Ϯ
ʵĲֻܽϣһˡ
ŷŵݡ밮šٰҮŵ˿ŵȵ½áԼޱϯţڳ˶úܲ˼顣
ΪʲôӲԤݽ͵Ϯܽϣأ

2

ǰϵԱܽϣŰ칫ҵΧˮйͨ
·ʱܹ٣ղѾɼȷֶӵĶԱˣǵ˵ƺûΣգ˼Ӳ˰Ĳ١
ܹ֮þȣǶħֹѪĹϵࡡ
ָӵļȷֶСӳº˳ްţҲð൱⣬԰ŶԣħóʹħʱԼҲܵǷܷЧ
ɲǽֳųѶҲˡôһ¼ѹˡ
ʿŵĸų̣ĸ˰칫ңд̵ĻԱһݵ˴̿ͣ¼ָһ顣
ʿбߡˣӦ˵ĳɱĳжԵŶԡ
ʿ⵽൱صĴ
ܽϣϮʵ˲䴫ʿţȡ󡢲־岻ɢ
Ϊܽϣ˵ϸɲֽ˴ҡ
ǼҴ
ڽ֮ǰܽϣŶԶһ仰
˲СӵĳԱƶַλǼңȴܽϣŻ
ߵʱİԱǽǰ˵ҼڳЩȳųĲǡ

3

˽Ҳãܽϣž͹ˡ
µľѲ߶ԱҪ÷ӵԱӽȻ߽ҡ
ʡܽϣС㣬ĿԲμǳ𣿡
ݵѯʣܽϣʼ磬¶һŷ̵Цݡ
ѾȫŷŵˣûġοߵȽҪ
ܽϣŲ°ݵȺڲ裬˿ǰʮ֮ɻؽӲ
ղŵĻɣӲΪʲô֪ݻ֣
˵ֻ֪ƲĿԶѡ
ǻʲôԭôƲģ
ţΪ
ֻܽϣţСӵľŸҲ߼ڼӲǣǲ©һһƵרע
һֱΪʲôҲݵ壬Ҳ۹¡
Ӳ˵ﻷˣ˶˵ͷ
Ȼͬʱ⵽Ϯ֮һֱҲݣΪɹߵĿԺܵ͡ȻҲпݴɱ˼˿֮ߣΣûʿţԿԺֿԡ
Ӳ˵΢ͣ٣˰æݵĺڲ衣
Բˮ֮󣬼Ӳϼ˵
ң˵ݵĽʿͷָġ֪ĻпܻȥϮҲôΪҾϮֻһɺϡôһǿ֮ĵ˲սӦǱȽƵۣһܴɵ㡣
ţ֪
ܽϣŻش
ܹɱץסĸ֣Էûиۡ԰ɣ
ǵģ˵ûҪǶϮͨĵˣǲ޷һôΧ򣬲ֻǶԷʬ壬ѪûҵΪǲܵļȻĻ
ĳִĴ״̵ġ֮ԻɣΪҲԱ𣿡
ܽϣô˵Ա¶㵵ı鿴ų
Ӳıͷ
ǵģôƲġôһ͸֮ǰ뷨гͻˡ
֮ǰģ
ǵġȻ֪ݵĽʿҲһģΪʲôֻϮأʹʱǹڴ⣬϶Ҳ൱Σյġ
ȷ˵֪ʲôӦ֪֮ģ֮ǰӲҲô˵ɣ
⡣
״ֻҪ˼˿һͿˡ
ɵһϥǡ
ԭˣֻΪɱɣɱˡ
ǵģˡΪȡ벻жǲżȻַ˼˿塭
Ӳ˵￴򼧶漴˼ɦɦԴ
±Ӳˡ
ϲ²ۡ
ûڳӦڳЦ㡣ԲԣӲ
ۣ𣬼Ӳ
ûСû˼
Ӳ΢ߴӼƿҿⲻȥ£µı˵
Ȼɱˣһ˵ٹҲҲпܡ޷֡Ȼѷ˼˿ĵطӦҲһݡ벻ֽ˷ֿɣΪìܣҵ˼߽
˵ӲٶͶ򼧶
ף£˵ʲôֵ𣿡
ǵģһ仰⵽֮ǰ۷ˡ
ס
Ӳ˵ʣ˶ȵ
˵ô˲Ļ𣿡
ͷ˼
ǲ˲ʵҲ΢
Ӳ¶Ц
֮Ϊһ仰뵽Ŀԡ
˼ǡпݱɴ̿𣿿ô뵽ֿԵģҸҪģǸ˵ʲô
ŶԼĺ顣
μӲҪ佱£㲻Ҫƻš
Щ͡
ˣͷһԣӲϿ˵ɣ
һߴ٣Ӳٶ¶Ц˵
ҿʼԼ뵽֮Ҳݵ壬ܿҪĳ顣˼ĳ顯ʲôʱ򣬼Ǿ仰Һܴʾ
Ǿ仰
˼ҲԴ˼
˵ʲô
˼Ӳ֮İ˸˶ԶԵż
ûУΪ
ô˵ġûпܾΪֺܺãԲŻᱻĿأ
˵˵Ǹʱͱҵ˰
ΪԼĹϵ˲ܾΪݵֺܺãֲŻҪλʿָݣΪ
ܽϣŵӻ
̿͡
ǵģҪ֪ʲôڼ鲻Ϣְɴ̿ȥϮĳˣǸһʯֶΡ޷ôģĳַԭΪħҩ֮Ķ֮ҾֵȷпҪһ̿͡
ԭˡΪʲôԤ⵽ҽ̣
мһֱ⡣
м飿
ǵģǾҵ˼˿֮󣬸ɲٿĶԲ߻顣
ܽϣ¶ı顣
˵ǸǸˣ
Ҿǳ鿪̫ˡ
ӲĻشܽϣ̲סŴ۾
ܽϣСİ칫߻ȥ·ϣŷŵСᵽɲΣ˵ʱкüɲܽϣСķǿӲԣֻķԣҾ֡ȻпΪܽϣСǸųԴҲŲֱӷԡԭĻ
ǵĻ
᲻ǹӻʱأҿʼôɣǿӲԵĸɲռѹԵĶͻԲŻķʽԣʹû޷۶߳
ܽϣŽǰ㡣
û߳Ϊʲô
ֻҪûҹͻֻʣֵҹԱܽϣС칫ԱߵֵҲ϶ֻʣֵҹԱΪֵҹԱܽϣСлȥϢˣ˵״̬ı˵
ܽϣŰķڶͷϣ컨塣
ôô޴
ΪӦòıߵļƻڡοݵĻֵҹԱӦǲ⡣
š˵Ҳǡ
Σ鿪ԽһԽ٣ôһڳƶʱҲȽϷ㡣ݾϤĹ졣ֻŵʱѧ֪ʶҲ֪ڳΪ֮Ƿܻá
ݵȾֻżӲܽϣŵĶԻû취죬˭󲻵ӲȻ˼롣
˼·Ȼͨ˲һȻǳڱ⣬ݻǱϡ
֮ûɱݡȻʵϻɱˣҵıҪ֣ɴ̿ʹáȻڽΪ߳³ûˣܽϣСߡһΪܽϣСܻܿ⵽Ϯֻǡ
Ӳܽϣŵıһۡ
ϧɱݣսʿݣҪɱܽϣС㲻ɵԭһ޷⡣
ܽϣ̾˿
Ϊ˽µʿڼ˭
ף
Ӳʮ˶
ȥ꿪ʼҾͲʿлйŷŵне顣ܵʹʿҲֻҡųϯӳԼͼĸ֪ԭˣΪ鱻й©ȥĹϵɡ
Ӳһ˲¶Ϊı飬Ͼ龲ͷ
ԭˣôһҾˡЩڼΪܽϣСİевԲҪɱܽϣСڡ
ҽае߻ܣҲֻŷŵµļԱǶǿڷܽ൱ҳϵˣ鱨й©ȥ
ǣܽϣСڵڼ飬һй©ȥˣ⴫ȥˡ
Ӳ˵ܽϣͷ컨塣
˵ҲǡȻЩأҲֻܳˡ
ܽϣŵߺܿͻظǶȣӲСӵгԱ
ΣΪǸˣҸܼһٶȶǵлɡ
ܽϣŵͷӲæ˻֡
ô˵ûиϹȥܽϣСҲһа취ġ
˵ˡһֱ㹥ҵҲľ֮ȴۡû취ȡ㹻ʱӽģΪʱ൱Σաҳɹߣ϶ҲȰġܻΪǵİæллǡ
˲˴ӡ
ܽϣСǵлܾеëȻ
ʵ˵ĸ룬ܽϣŵüͷ
𡫡ô׼ʿʸҾֻ͸֮ľŸ˰ɣ

⡢ʲô˼
ʹڼϰڼ䣬ֻҪʿܴĹףͿõ൱ʽʿݵ׼ʿʸҸղѾƼǲС˳Ϊ׼ʿųҲѾ׼ˡˣȲҪˡ
һ㶼á
ſܽϣŵĽűߣͶصƴܽϣŽͶűߵļϾ̧ͷѯˣ
ôݣԸ𣿡
ϵĶݲɵ°ơ
ȻԸ⡣
أ
Ȼ
Ը⡣
ǳ⡣
Ӧ
Ӳأ
ǵģǸǳлл
ܽϣС㣬أأ
ƺҪסܽϣŵĽţ¶ıų
ôأϾкܶ෽治ʺϳΪʿ
ܽϣ˵¶Цݣ漴Ҫ޳ˡ
۰̫ˡ
ЦġҲüΪ׼ʿġ
̫ˡ
ڵϸԼؿڡ
Ϊ⸱ԣŻᱻ˵ʺϳΪʿ
Ų꣬æ
⼸ʿڻܻң飬ԵȵƽһʽϣǿԵһӡ
֮һϹ
ǣ
ôڽķ롭
ܽϣʾҪ¡
ȵ֮ܽϣż˵
һǳΪѲ߶ӵرСӣҵִָ񡣼Ȼ£Ҳû˻ֹҳ֡ǿԷȥӦ˵ȥЩڰļһôһҲ
˵Ҫôأ
ݵ⣬ܽϣָ
Ǹħ
ǰʣ
ǸǷ䷨ɣ˵ػ˹³ط֮һܹʹ˹³طӦòܶࡣ
治ǰţ˵ûô¡
ܽϣؿ򰮷ţ漴˵
¼ϣŵ뾭ħʿйء
ȷ𰸡
ף
ӲȾ˵ı鶼Ϊ㵶
⵽ǡ
¶Ҫı飬࿴Űܽϣš
仰˵ϣŵ뾭ѾʿͷĳЩˡֻô򵥣Ӧʿ˹󹫹ϾϵȻϣŵ뾭ְɣôһͲ˵ڼ飬ͽˡ
˰֮ľŸ˶ס
ɡǡ˭飿
ŵ˿ǿӺѯʣֻܽϣʼ硣
Ŀǰ֪˭ڸɲ棬ȷʵѾ˽¸ϣŵ뾭ҹˡ
Զԡ
ӲҲû뵽¼Ȼϣŵ뾭йء
Ȼôһ¼ֻĻıɽһˡ
λڸ׵ĵط
һͨӲ衣
о񿴵ʲôȻֻǸо
ģһΡڼӲдš
ʲôأоֻһܿ¼ȫòˡ
˭ΪʲôԭϮܽϣСأ
ҪԵĽǶƲ⣬ӦҪɱʿܵܽϣС㣬ȻҪǸϣŵ뾭йأͲôˡ
һָӴı
һָҰġ
һָΣյ˼롣
ڸʿš
ôıأ
˭ܽϣСΪж
ܽϣС˭
һθųĺ򲹣Ҳϯӳڶӳޱ̹΢˹ŦΪɡԣǰθɲͼС㣬Ҳܻݲųȱ
ǡ
ıֻҪܽϣС㣬ԼϸųıӦûô򵥡
ʿͷʲô飿
Ӳ˼޵׶ûյղһ˲俴Ķ
Уϸ˼һΰɡ
̧ͷļӲܽϣֵı鿴Լ
ףǸʲô𣿡
Ӳղ˵ʲô𣿡
ԲҸպ飬ԡ
Ӳͷ
ô˵һΡҪʮ˷ֳ֧СӣһСӸĿǰһɶ죬һСӣҲǲڶСӾɼӲ졣
ʲô
û𣿡
ǡ
Ǽȶ׼ܾ
Ӳֱͦܽϣŵ
ӲҮɭɣڿʼ¾Ѳ߶ӲڶССӳְ񣡡
ܺáڳԱƾԼɡ𣬶ݣ
ǵġ
ô֧СӽսжҪЩļһﾾ˵Ѷ񡣼ʹǸɲҲνǾѲ߶ӵȨʲô鱨ãȫ׷׵ʳ
˶Ƶվá
ϵ߱ǰȾСӵĳԱơôʹ˽ɢ
Ӳ˳ܽϣ֣ȻַԼǰش


4

ڶ쿪ʼһСڶСӾʽʼ
ӵıƣĵһСҮšŵ˿ˣٰ򡢼ŵȵޱϯǱӲĵڶСӡ
Ӧú׵
ֻΪ˼ԦԾǿŵȵ£üӲ˲ٹ
ֳ֮ӵĲСӣֱǰӽѶ
ʱ򣬲СȸųܽϣŵĹʿѾ֪ˡʹǲҲû⵽ʿѧǵĺӡżƲ
ȻˣѶûзκЧ
ûеõκ״£ô졣

5

Ѳ߶ӲһڶСӵʮˣֱŽһĵصǡ
ҪǰǱȽԶıݣƶͻỨϺüСʱСǰ춼ڷ֧ݹҹӲ뿪ǻŻ
𾯱ѧǵͷ⣬ʯƵڡ
ƽǴ򿪵ģصĸŰֻΣʱŻϡ
һ񰡡
˫ַںߵļԲε˵š
춼Ѿǵˡ
ŵȵʼش
Ҫ塢ܹյͲҪôˡ
ô˵ҲԡҪǶҵŷŵСһǰҵˡ
ŷŵСһǰӦûûɣ
ǲ³ͷ˵
ܽϣСĻ˵Ѿˡ
㰡ֻҪ˲ڣ͸治ɫ˵ôʧĻء
汿šΪ˲ڣ²Ÿ˵
Сɲ뱻һ
Ҫǰѱ˵ɱ
ΪǸ
СӳæһŶ񶾵͡
ݿˡ
øǿŲԴء
ùݡ
йݣʵ
ۣô˵ȫˣ񶾵ʵǶСӳŶԡ
ѽʵҲɣֻԴãҲ񶾣ûزǸҵŮˡ
زûйϵɣԲԣӲСӳ
ףǸ벻ҪȻĵزʱҳ
еǵϣÿ˾ǽϵ̨ԱʱĻͻ΢΢ҡҷʹýűߵӰӻҡ
Ϊȸų˵Ӣۣߵѧǵ̬ȶòӸоͦġ
Կʵ˵껰漴һ²
㻹Уûʵκ
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ѹ
ֻնɣҳǵĹȽնԷ֣ûʲôϵɣ
ҲҪ¶һҲȻı飬˵ô˲𣡡
ҲҲʲô취أ֮ѽջرŷŵС֮Ǿ͸ϿȥԷɣѾǰˡ
ܲ㣬ŸջֻҪԷ
ţ㲻ƿʱ򣬾ͻر׶Ӷ𣡣
ôֻ㡣
û¡˵԰ɣӲСӳ
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Ϊô˵ͻ˵֪ˡȻԹ𣡣ܽϣС㣬ڽһҪม
ȥˡ
ӻַĵϣһ񾭡
Դݲȵ̬Ƚ⿪ӣѵȡ£ȻصغȵĽ䡣
վ˵ͻȻı䶯Ĳǳƽ
Ӿ񻬹Ƶݵǰͣ½Ų̧ͷӱݵ۾
Ҫǿν
ȻӱԼС࣬ȴܵޱȵѹ˺˰벽ȻԼôǰһҺݺݵصӡ
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ǵġ
Ц˳
һ˲䣬ݡ
ף
ڲ֪ʲô״£ݵԭתһȦ

ײڼӲʯذϣʹö˲޷ںҲײ棬ʹȫ޷ʶҲԶȥ
С㣡
Ү¶µ˹
һԶСʲô
Ү·ȫǶǸӳƵسֱȥ˫ץסӵؿڡ
Ȼ
ӵ
ץסҮ˫ƣžҪΧԼƵԽűסҮͷԶԷ˫ΪһתƯؽҮߴת˰Ȧ

ҮĲͷֱײȥ˲両ڿе˫Ҳˤڵϡ
Үڵ޷Ȼȴèӯվá
ŵ
֪
ŵ˿ŵȵ¿첽ӡ
ŵ˿Ҫǰ壬ȴȻͣ½Ųӽʶŵ˿ϵ˲䣬ŵȵ´ƵȫûԤȽþоѵĬ治ͬ˫
ǰΧӰڳơ
ǵĬ
΢΢һЦ
ΪʲôҪô𣿡
ŵ˿ıʣȴΪ
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ŷŵӾһվǰ档
ԺĲǰҲǰܽϣŵʱ칫ҡ

6

ร飿
ܽϣŵ۾΢΢һ¡
ڰ칫ұϴεϮƻĿǰһҵԼ칫ĵط˵Լ𾯱Աܹĸ˸ܽϣһ
ڰ߶ζ൱Ľһǰںðʺŷŵܽϣš
ܽϣŵĴ൱㣬ֻдһ·һ¡
ӵĹ֮¾ȻˣӦҪлԼá
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ӲɱˡѵӦڶԷʵԸǵ״£
ݣ㻹˵ء
ܽϣЦš
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ⷬʵڲڿ֮Ͼͱڵص˻˵ģҮ˶¶Ц
ֻҮıƵƵͷͬ⣬Ŷݵ˵
ղҲˣӦóλжǿŶԡ
Үֺ޸ݵšӦ˵ԴʹüӲԶԡ
ôݣ´ζԴʱ򲻻ɣ
ȻˡСֻǹǵӦðνŸӳˣֻҪýǱСĶ֡ΪԷǲӵĸӳСֻһСӵСӳҲսϧҲûнսĻˡ
ԭˣݾ㵽лиսԲŻôǿ
ݣҳܴеʱСẦû
ܽϣһЦȻһ˫ָ˵˵
Ҿ͸һսĻɡ

ӴмܲסӣҲһȤء
ףðɡСֻǼϰʿ
Ѿ׼ʿ˰ɣ
򸱶ӳսΪʵ̫ˡСԼּرֵˣû취ô
밮̲סһЦ˳ڶ¶µı˵ʱܽϣ侮ʯ˵
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Ӳ˵飬ܽϣЩ졣
ܽϣС㣬᲻ٰ𣿡
ܽϣûиıı飬˵ͷ
˵ûȻÿ궼＾Уųϣڴٰ졣ʹͼ׼ɷԣֵĻô˼˿ʧٵ¼ǰĸɲҪڴٰ졣
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ҼǵСʱҲǷǳڴͰʿŵᡣ֮ǰԼ·Ľٰ졭ҲԼ·𣿡
ܽϣŵı·ܵӲӰ죬ҲЩԾ
ţûÿڳ򸽽ر᳡ô𣬼Ӳ
ԴԱἯĻ᳡ҲԼ·Χ仰˵ǽһճǡ
ᣬҸղҲ˵ڳ￴ء
ǾƽȣһٺܶɣֶӡѲ߶ӻмȷֶӶɣ
ûѵΪĳжԵûռرǲܵġ
ţǵģ˵ûжĵذѲ͵鵱Ȼܷ
ȻĻӲ㾿ڵʲô
ܽϣѯʣӲ¶һɥı顣
˵ûҾڵʲôء

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ܽϣžȻûƽӲе൱⣬ΪΪԼ뵽飬ܽϣӦѾ֪˲Ŷԡ
֪ΪΣܽϣųӲͶԺµ
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ǹ᲻ҪռأжڲΪ֪״£ңԶĹǲʿԼҪռԼĳǱǺܼ𣿺οＸûء

ϣŵ뾭ͨҶϾ˹󹫹֮ĹϵӦսĿɣȻȫ֪ʲôҪʵսĿսǰռǱʿԼͳΣ֮⣬ЩԼҰĵĸɲ϶ҲĿ֮һʱĿ굱ȻܽϣС㣬ͼСҲᱻ֮С

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ŮԺܲ˵صżӲ
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ǵģǸΪΪҪһŻִ˵Щˣ¡
ŮԺһ߽ȻͣڼӲԱ߶˵
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Ӳ̧ͷһ˼Ҫ˵ԹԵں󷽴һ߶Ͷ΢Ц
ǵģǵĿɽС㡣

ʿŢ



һμĶǣμָ̡񶼺Ķǣлλ֧֣曲Ȼ˺óһʱ䣬ڿΪλϡʿšڶˡ
һһһͬʱʿĿǰΣԼʿǰٹΣ
ڵһͨŲļӲʮˣڿʼԼϰʿڰʿŬڶ̶̲һµʱڣʿԱ¼¼ΪˣʿŴش¼вٶ߻ӡǡʼ˾Ͳ˵й©飬ֻü仰ÿɫ
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ڴ˷ǳллλ
P.S.¶ȪһĻĻúܸˡΪս߶ȵļޡѧԣ
